Synaptic tagging and long-term potentiation

Frey, Uwe; Morris, Richard

doi:10.1038/385533a0

Cited by 1,519 publications

(1,359 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Later in 1992 Dudek and Bear demonstrated both LTP and LTD at the same synapse. The fact that these synaptic changes due to LTP/LTD become permanent for several hours depends on a mechanism called synaptic tagging (Frey and Morris 1997;Clopath et al 2008;Redondo and Morris 2011). Here, highly active synapses are tagged for long-lasting potentiation.…”

Section: Long-term Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Time scales of memory, learning, and plasticity

et al. 2012

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If we stored every bit of input, the storage capacity of our nervous system would be reached after only about 10 days. The nervous system relies on at least two mechanisms that counteract this capacity limit: compression and forgetting. But the latter mechanism needs to know how long an entity should be stored: some memories are relevant only for the next few minutes, some are important even after the passage of several years. Psychology and physiology have found and described many different memory mechanisms, and these mechanisms indeed use different time scales. In this prospect we review these mechanisms with respect to their time scale and propose relations between mechanisms in learning and memory and their underlying physiological basis.

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Section: Long-term Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Time scales of memory, learning, and plasticity

et al. 2012

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“…The most important long-term consequence of synaptic signaling at the cellular level is probably that of transcriptional regulation. It is now widely recognized that glutamatergic transmission guides activity-dependent control of gene expression in the CNS, and that such regulation is essential for proper development and long-term synaptic plasticity (Goelet et al, 1986;Ghosh et al, 1994;Nguyen et al, 1994;Frey and Morris, 1997;Alberini, 1999;Buonanno and Fields, 1999;Lein and Schatz, 2000). The transcriptional control is usually triggered by calcium influx directly through the receptors, indirectly through VGCCs, and through release from internal stores (Deisseroth et al, 1996;Bito et al, 1997;Finkbeiner and Greenberg, 1998;Rajadhyaksha et al, 1999;Mermelstein et al, 2000;Greenberg and Ziff, 2001;Hardingham et al, 2001).…”

Section: Long-term Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotinic α7 receptors: Synaptic options and downstream signaling in neurons

2002

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Nicotinic receptors are cation-ion selective ligand-gated ion channels that are expressed throughout the nervous system. Most have significant calcium permeabilities, enabling them to regulate calcium-dependent events. One of the most abundant is a species composed of the ␣7 gene product and having a relative calcium permeability equivalent to that of NMDA receptors. The ␣7-containing receptors can be found presynaptically where they modulate transmitter release, and postsynaptically where they generate excitatory responses. They can also be found in perisynaptic locations where they modulate other inputs to the neuron and can activate a variety of downstream signaling pathways. The effects the receptors produce depend critically on the sites at which they are clustered. Instructive preparations for examining ␣7-containing receptors are the rat hippocampus, where they are thought to play a modulatory role, and the chick ciliary ganglion, where they participate in throughput transmission as well as regulatory signaling. Relatively high levels of ␣7-containing receptors are found in the two preparations, and the receptors display a variety of synaptic options and functions in the two cases. Progress is starting to be made in understanding the mechanisms responsible for localizing the receptors at specific sites and in identifying components tethered in the vicinity of the receptors that may facilitate signal transduction and downstream signaling.

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“…In this study, a standardized comparison of three different methods was carried out. The first consisted of three stimulus trains of 100 pulses at 100 Hz with 10 min inter‐train intervals, as described by Frey and Morris (1997) for acute slices. This method had already been validated in the cultured hippocampal slices for which 75% of the slices showed an LTP lasting more than 1 hr with an averaged amplitude of fEPSP of 143.2 ± 3.2% of the baseline after 1 hr of recording (Shimono, Baudry, Ho, Taketani, & Lynch, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new method allowing long‐term potentiation recordings in hippocampal organotypic slices

2017

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BackgroundHippocampal organotypic slices are used to improve the understanding of synaptic plasticity mechanisms because they allow longer term studies compared to acute slices. However, it is more delicate to keep cultures alive in the recording system outside in vitro conditions. Experiments from the organotypic cultures are common but the handling of slices is rarely described in the literature, even though tissue preservation is crucial. Instruments are sometimes required to extract the slices from the culture inserts but this approach is delicate and can lead to damage, given how strongly the slices are attached to the insert.MethodsA new configuration is proposed to secure the transfer of slices from the incubator to the recording chamber through an adaptor piece that can be designed for any model of chamber and/or insert. The adaptor is a Plexiglas ring in which a culture insert containing the slice can be easily introduced and stabilized. This system allows slices to be placed in the interface for electrophysiological investigations without having to detach them from the insert. That way, no damage is caused and the recording system can safely hold the slices, maintaining them close to culture conditions.ResultsIn addition to the description of the adaptation system, slices were characterized. Their viability was validated and microglial expression was observed. According to the experimental conditions, neuroprotective ramified microgliocytes are present. Dendritic spines studies were also performed to determine neuronal network maturity in culture. Moreover, SKF 83822 hydrobromide and three trains of 100 pulses at 100 Hz with a 10‐min inter‐train interval are suggested to induce long‐term potentiation and to record an increase of fEPSP amplitude and slope.ConclusionThis paper provides detailed information on the preparation and characterization of hippocampal organotypic slices, a new recording configuration more suitable for cultures, and a long‐term potentiation protocol combining SKF and trains.

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Synaptic tagging and long-term potentiation

Cited by 1,519 publications

References 25 publications

Time scales of memory, learning, and plasticity

Time scales of memory, learning, and plasticity

Nicotinic α7 receptors: Synaptic options and downstream signaling in neurons

A new method allowing long‐term potentiation recordings in hippocampal organotypic slices

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