Synaptic connections of starburst amacrine cells and localization of acetylcholine receptors in primate retinas

Yamada, Elizabeth Sumi; Dmitrieva, Nina; Keyser, Kent T.; Lindstrom, Jon; Hersh, Louis B.; Marshak, David

doi:10.1002/cne.10672

Cited by 79 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…The limited colocalization between M2-LI and ChAT-LI and the extensive M2-LI throughout the IPL is consistent with previous reports in mammalian retina (Zucker and Ehinger, 2001;Yamada et al, 2003) and in salamander retina (Polans et al, 1985). A previous study in newt retina (Cheon et al, 2001) also found M2-LI in two bands in the IPL (although at slightly different stratifications) but also showed labeling in cells in the INL and GCL, while we did not detect any somatic localization of M2.…”

Section: M2 and M4 Receptorssupporting

confidence: 94%

Role of acetylcholine in nitric oxide production in the salamander retina

Cimini

Strang

Wotring

et al. 2008

J of Comparative Neurology

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Although acetylcholine is one of the most widely studied neurotransmitters in the retina, many questions remain about its downstream signaling mechanisms. In this study we initially characterized the cholinergic neurotransmitter system in the salamander retina by localizing a variety of cholinergic markers. We then examined the link between both muscarinic and nicotinic receptor activation and nitric oxide production by using immunocytochemistry for cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) as an indicator. We found a large increase in cGMP-like immunoreactivity (cGMP-LI) in the inner retina in response to muscarinic (but not nicotinic) receptor activation. Based on the amplification of mRNA transcripts, receptor immunocytochemistry, and the use of selective antagonists, we identified these receptors as M2 muscarinic receptors. Using double-labeling techniques, we established that these increases in cGMP-LI were seen in GABAergic but not cholinergic amacrine cells, and that the increases were blocked by inhibitors of nitric oxide production. The creation of nitric oxide in response to cholinergic receptor activation may provide a mechanism for modulating the well-known mutual interactions of acetylcholine-glycine-GABA in the inner retina. As GABA and glycine are the primary inhibitory neurotransmitters in the retina, signaling pathways that modulate their levels or release will have major implications for the processing of complex stimuli by the retina.

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Section: M2 and M4 Receptorssupporting

confidence: 94%

Role of acetylcholine in nitric oxide production in the salamander retina

Cimini

Strang

Wotring

et al. 2008

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…ACh could reduce sodium currents by activating muscarinic receptors, as reported for hippocampal neurons (Cantrell et al, 1996). Muscarinic receptors are present on a subset of bipolar cells in chick and primate retinas (Fischer et al, 1998;Yamada et al, 2003). However, our preliminary experiments showed that the muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine did not alter the effects of bright illumination on sodium currents, ruling out this possibility.…”

Section: Dopamine and Bright Light Contribute To Network Adaptation Bsupporting

confidence: 57%

Ambient Light Regulates Sodium Channel Activity to Dynamically Control Retinal Signaling

Ichinose

Lukasiewicz

2007

J. Neurosci.

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The retinal network increases its sensitivity in low-light conditions to detect small visual inputs and decreases its sensitivity in brightlight conditions to prevent saturation. However, the cellular mechanisms that adjust visual signaling in the retinal network are not known. Here, we show that voltage-gated sodium channels in bipolar cells dynamically control retinal light sensitivity. In dim conditions, sodium channels amplified light-evoked synaptic responses mediated by cone pathways. Conversely, in bright conditions, sodium channels were inactivated by dopamine released from amacrine cells, and they did not amplify synaptic inputs, minimizing signal saturation. Our findings demonstrate that bipolar cell sodium channels mediate light adaptation by controlling retinal signaling gain.

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“…In this respect, histamine acts as a typical retinal neuromodulator. There are receptors for neuropeptides (Bagnoli et al, 2003), dopamine (Witkovsky, 2004), serotonin (Pootanakit and Brunken, 2001), and acetylcholine (Yamada et al, 2003) in the OPL even though the processes of the neurons containing those modulators are very sparse or absent there.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histamine receptors in mammalian retinas

Gastinger

Barber

Vardi

et al. 2006

J of Comparative Neurology

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Mammalian retinas are innervated by histaminergic axons that originate from perikarya in the posterior hypothalamus. To identify the targets of these retinopetal axons, we localized histamine receptors (HR) in monkey and rat retinas by light and electron microscopy. In monkeys, puncta containing HR3 were found at the tips of ON-bipolar cell dendrites in cone pedicles and rod spherules, closer to the photoreceptors than the other neurotransmitter receptors. This is the first ultrastructural localization of any histamine receptor and the first direct evidence that HR3 is present on postsynaptic membranes in the central nervous system. In rat retinas, most HR1 were localized to dopaminergic amacrine cells. The differences in histamine receptor localization may reflect the differences in the activity patterns of the two species. Indexing termsretinopetal; centrifugal; bipolar; amacrine; primate; dopamine Vertebrate retinas receive input from the brain via retinopetal axons, and this pathway has important modulatory effects on retinal neurons in birds and fish, the groups that have been studied most intensively. The functions of retinopetal axons in mammalian retinas are not well understood, however (Uchiyama, 1989). Histamine has been localized to retinopetal axons in the guinea pig (Airaksinen and Panula, 1988), monkey (Gastinger et al., 1999), and rat (Gastinger et al., 2001) retinas. These axons originate from perikarya in the tuberomammillary nucleus of the posterior hypothalamus (Manning et al., 1996;Panula et al., 1989). Mast cells, another possible source of histamine, are not present in the retina (Smelser and Silver, 1963). With the identification of the neurotransmitter of these retinopetal axons, it is now possible to predict how these inputs contribute to information processing in mammalian retinas.These retinopetal axons are expected to be active at night in rats and during the day in monkeys. Histaminergic neurons play an important role in the ascending arousal system (Saper et al., 2001), firing at a steady rate during waking and becoming silent during sleep (Steininger et al., 1999;Vanni-Mercier et al., 2003). In rats, a nocturnal species, histaminergic neurons are most active at night, and the rate of histamine release in the posterior hypothalamus is higher at night than during the day (Prast et al., 1992). In macaques, a diurnal species, levels of histamine metabolites in the third ventricular cerebral spinal fluid are higher during the day than at night (Prell et al., 1989).In the central nervous system, histamine acts on three types of G-protein-coupled receptors: histamine receptor 1 (HR1), histamine receptor 2 (HR2) and histamine receptor 3 (HR3). Among these, only HR1 has been characterized previously in mammalian retinas (Nowak, 1993;Sawai et al., 1988). However, there is indirect evidence that HR2 and HR3 are also present in mammalian retinas. Histamine inhibits a forskolin-induced increase in cAMP in the rabbit retina via HR2 (Nowak, 1991;Nowak et al., 1989). Histamine also increa...

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Synaptic connections of starburst amacrine cells and localization of acetylcholine receptors in primate retinas

Cited by 79 publications

References 60 publications

Role of acetylcholine in nitric oxide production in the salamander retina

Role of acetylcholine in nitric oxide production in the salamander retina

Ambient Light Regulates Sodium Channel Activity to Dynamically Control Retinal Signaling

Histamine receptors in mammalian retinas

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