Synapsin I Is an Oligomannose-Carrying Glycoprotein, Acts As an Oligomannose-Binding Lectin, and Promotes Neurite Outgrowth and Neuronal Survival When Released via Glia-Derived Exosomes

PRNP/prion protein regulates the secretion of exosomes modulating CAV1/caveolin-1-suppressed autophagy

“…65,66 Glial cells may release SYN1 (synapsin I) into exosomes in response to stressful conditions, such as the oxidative stressor ischemia, to modulate neuronal outgrowth and neuron-glia interactions. 67 In the peripheral nervous system, Schwann cells release exosomes that are specifically internalized by axons, resulting in increased axonal regeneration after sciatic nerve injury. 68 Additionally, exosomes derived from multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) improve the functional recovery of neurons after stroke in a rat model.…”

Extracellular vesicles and intercellular communication within the nervous system

“…These oligodendrocyte/ neuron interactions show that, in addition to transporting various cargoes, EVs can function in reciprocal collaborations between different cell types. Astrocyte-derived EVs have exhibited a slightly different effect on neighboring cells during brain development, as they have been shown to promote neurite outgrowth and survival of neurons, at least in part through the transfer of synapsin I, thereby supporting the role of glial EVs in neuronal differentiation (22).…”

Exosomes in stroke pathogenesis and therapy

“…Treatment of astrocytes from newborn mice with high KCl concentrations led to release of exosomes enriched with synapsin, a synaptic vesicle-associated protein that enhances neurite growth and neuronal survival (95). A range of KCl concentrations can induce astrocyte secretion of exosomes in the ischemic brain (95,96).…”