Synapses on the purkinje cell spines in the mouse an electronmicroscopic study

Larramendi, L. M. H.; Tsutsumi, Vı́ctor

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(67)90216-8

Cited by 193 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In control conditions, all proximal spines are innervated by CF varicosities (Larramendi and Victor, 1967;Palay and ChanPalay, 1974) (Fig. 6C).…”

Section: Ultrastructural Analysis Of the Newly Formed Spine Innervatimentioning

confidence: 93%

Activity-Dependent Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Structural Plasticity in the Mature Cerebellum

Cesa¹,

Scelfo²,

Strata³

2007

J. Neurosci.

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Two models of spine formation have been proposed. Spines can derive from emerging dendritic filopodia that have encountered presynaptic partners, or presynaptic molecules may induce the spine maturation event directly from the dendritic shaft. The first model applies better to the Purkinje cell (PC), because numerous free spines have been described in several conditions, particularly when granule cells degenerate before parallel fiber (PF) synapses are formed. A large number of new spines, many of them being free, appear in the proximal dendritic domain after blockage of electrical activity by tetrodotoxin (TTX). A complete blockage of the AMPA receptors by NBQX (2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzoquinoxaline-7-sulfonamide), leading to a complete absence of PF-and climbing fiber (CF)-evoked EPSCs and of spontaneous glutamatergic quantal events, mimics the TTX effect. In contrast, metabotropic glutamate receptor blockage by MCPG [(S)-␣-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine] is ineffective.In normal conditions, in the proximal dendritic domain of the PC, clusters of a few spines are present only under each CF varicosity. It has been proposed that the active CF is responsible for spine pruning in the territory surrounding the CF synapses. Here, we show that such a pruning is mediated by AMPA but not by metabotropic receptors. Finally, after AMPA receptor blockage, there is a reduced number of spines in each spine cluster underlying CF varicosity. In conclusion, PCs tend to express spines over the entire dendritic territory. CF activity reinforces the CF synaptic contacts and actively suppresses spines in the surrounding territory, which is an effect mediated by AMPA receptors.

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“…In control conditions, all proximal spines are innervated by CF varicosities (Larramendi and Victor, 1967;Palay and ChanPalay, 1974) (Fig. 6C).…”

Section: Ultrastructural Analysis Of the Newly Formed Spine Innervatimentioning

confidence: 93%

Activity-Dependent Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Structural Plasticity in the Mature Cerebellum

Cesa¹,

Scelfo²,

Strata³

2007

J. Neurosci.

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“…For spine analysis, we used the z-stacks of the 2-photon images of the PCs. The putative CF spines (Larramendi and Victor, 1967) were counted on the first three concentric branch orders, provided that they were sufficiently thick and sparsely covered with spines. In order to estimate the PF spine density, we selected six terminal branches belonging to the 5th to 12th centrifugal branch order.…”

Section: Purkinje Cell Morphometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By the end of the first postnatal week, however, the PCs are aligned in a strict monolayer and then form a single apical dendrite which is oriented towards the pial surface (Altman, 1972). Finally, synapses are formed and segregate for the different kinds of excitatory afferents (Larramendi and Victor, 1967;Altman, 1972). As in other types of neurons, elimination of inappropriate synapses is an important step in establishing the mature pattern of innervation of PCs (Crépel et al, 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Requirement of TrkB for synapse elimination in developing cerebellar Purkinje cells

et al. 2007

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The receptor tyrosine kinase TrkB and its ligands, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5), are critically important for growth, survival and activity-dependent synaptic strengthening in the central nervous system. These TrkB-mediated actions occur in a highly cell-type specific manner. Here we report that cerebellar Purkinje cells, which are richly endowed with TrkB receptors, develop a normal morphology in trkB-deficient mice. Thus, in contrast to other types of neurons, Purkinje cells do not need TrkB for dendritic growth and spine formation. Instead, we find a moderate delay in the maturation of GABAergic synapses and, more importantly, an abnormal multiple climbing fiber innervation in Purkinje cells in trkB-deficient mice. Thus, our results demonstrate an involvement of TrkB receptors in synapse elimination and reveal a new role for receptor tyrosine kinases in the brain.

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“…The classifi cation of the different synaptic types of cerebellum has been carried out by means of morphological characteristics of different pre-synaptic and pos-synaptic components. The most utilized primary forms are: Palay; Chan Palay (1974), Larramendi;Victor(1967) and Ecles; Ito, Szengothai (1967).…”

Section: Variant Cellular Dependentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensory-motor Integration and Synaptic Plasticity in Cerebellar Córtex

Cunha¹,

Bastos²,

Silva³

et al. 2003

Fit Per J

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CUNHA, M.; BASTOS, V.H.; SILVA, A.; FURTADO, V.; VEIGA, H.; PIEDADE, R.; RIBEIRO, A.P. Sensory-motor integration and synaptic plasticity in the cerebelar cortex. Fitness & Performance Journal, v.2, n.2, p. 91-96, 2003. Rua Antonio Carlos, 97 -Porto Velho -São Gonçalo -RJ ABSTRACT: The present study aims to investigate the synaptic plasticity in the cerebellum as a result of the learning process of complex (acrobatic) motor skills. It begins with an anatomical and physiological description of the cerebellum, which includes its division into lobes, the relationship with other areas of the Central Nervous System, and a detailed analysis of its internal circuits.Next, an approach regarding disitnct models which attempt to explain how the cerebellum functions as it incorporates new motor patterns to the system is made. Finally, results of different experimental studies which investigated the cerebellar synaptic remodelling in acrobatic trained rats are assembled. The acrobatic training consisted of activities demanding a high level of coordination and balance. The trainned rats were compared to others submitted to simple exercises and to inactive groups. The three groups of rats were sacrifi ced and studied with an electronic microscope.Keywords: Cerebellum, Sensory-Motor Integration, Motor Learning, Sinaptic Plasticity 91-96 RESUMO Integração sensório-motora e plasticidade sináptica no córtex cerebelar O presente artigo revisa o fenômeno de plasticidade sináptica no cerebelo estimulada pelo processo de aprendizagem de habilidades motoras complexas (acrobáticas). Inicia com uma descrição anatômica e fisiológica do cerebelo que inclui, sua divisão em lobos, relação com outras áreas do sistema nervoso central e uma análise mais refinada dos seus circuitos internos. A seguir é feita uma abordagem sobre diferentes modelos que tentam explicar como o cerebelo atua ao incorporar novos padrões motores ao sistema. Por último são reunidos os resultados de diferentes estudos experimentais que investigaram a remodelagem sináptica cerebelar em ratos treinados com atividades acrobáticas exigindo elevado grau de coordenação e balanço. Eles foram então comparados com outros grupos submetidos a exercícios de natureza simples e a um grupo inativo, que igualmente aos primeiros, foram sacrificados e estudados ao microscópio eletrônico.Palavras-chave: Cerebelo, Integração Sensório-Motora, Aprendizagem Motora, Plasticidade Sináptica RESUMEN Integración Sensório-motora y plasticidad sináptica en la corteza cerebelar Lo presente artículo revisa el fenómeno de plasticidad sináptica en el cerebelo estimulada por el proceso de aprendizaje de habilidades motoras complejas (acrobáticas). Inicia con una descripción anatómica y fisiológica del cerebelo que incluye, su división en lobos, relación con otras áreas del sistema nervioso central y un análisis más refinada de sus circuitos internos. La seguir es hecha un abordaje sobre diferentes modelos que intentan explicar como el cerebelo actúa al incorporar nuevos patrones motores al sistema. Por...

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Synapses on the purkinje cell spines in the mouse an electronmicroscopic study

Cited by 193 publications

References 5 publications

Activity-Dependent Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Structural Plasticity in the Mature Cerebellum

Activity-Dependent Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Structural Plasticity in the Mature Cerebellum

Requirement of TrkB for synapse elimination in developing cerebellar Purkinje cells

Sensory-motor Integration and Synaptic Plasticity in Cerebellar Córtex

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