Syn- to post-rift fault evolution in a failed rift: a reflection seismic study in central Cambay Basin (Gujarat), India

Misra, Achyuta Ayan; Maitra, Abhimanyu; Sinha, Neeraj; Dey, Swagata; Mahapatra, Shashirekha

doi:10.1007/s00531-019-01706-w

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…There is a clear spatial and temporal relationship between the Tertiary rifts of NW India and the Deccan volcanism, suggesting the two phenomena are closely linked. Although the main DVP is preserved as laterally extensive flows covering peninsula India, the RVF described here along with the Deccan volcanics in the Cambay Basin, Narmada Rift and in Saurasthra and Kutch areas are all developed within fault‐bounded rift basins, in which deep seated faults penetrate beneath the Deccan sequence (Dolson et al, 2015; Mishra et al, 2019; Sen et al, 2009) and are associated with thermal anomalies (Thiagaran et al, 2001) and thinned continental crust (Kennett & Widiyantoro, 1999; Roy, 2003; Sen et al, 2009; Tiwari et al, 2001). Bhattacharji et al (2004) identified large, elongate, east–west‐aligned, ultramafic bodies from gravity modelling at a depth of >6 km in the Narmada Basin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Seismic data does not support a contiguous presence of the RVF southwards into the Cambay Basin, as all overlying Tertiary formations onlap onto the Tharad and Diyodar Ridges of granites (Dolson et al, 2015; Rao & Tewari, 2005; Thiagaran et al, 2001), separating the Barmer from the Cambay Basin, where typical Deccan basaltic and rhyolitic volcanics underlie the Tertiary sedimentary fill of the Cambay Basin (Chouhan et al, 2020; Dixit et al, 2010; Mishra et al, 2019; Tewari et al, 1995). The RVF is therefore considered to be distinct from the Deccan volcanics of the Cambay Basin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Barmer Basin is separated from the Jaisalmer Basin to the north by the Devikot High (Siddique, 1963), a long‐lived basement structure exposing Early Jurassic Lathi Formation sandstones across the top of the high (Figure 1). To the south, the Barmer Basin is continuous with the Sanchor Basin before widening further south into the Cambay Basin (Kaila et al, 1990; Mishra et al, 2019). The pre‐Deccan geology at the southern end of the Barmer Basin is not well known, although seismic imaging indicates that the Proterozoic Delhi Fold Belt extends across the basin as a major structural high (Figure 1), including Erinpura‐type granites being encountered at shallow depths of 300 m TVDSS in the Diyodar‐1 well drilled on the Diyodar (Deodar) Ridge (Dolson et al, 2015; Najman et al, 2018).…”

Section: Tectono‐stratigraphy Of the Barmer Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Syn‐rift volcanism in the Barmer Basin: An intra‐basin extrusive complex at the northern limit of the Deccan volcanic province in India

Burley

Gould²,

Taylor

et al. 2022

Geological Journal

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The Raageshwari Volcanic Formation (RVF) is a volcanic complex in the southern part of the Barmer Basin, NW India, localized around a large rift centre horst block, the Central Basin High. The RVF comprises an initial sequence of acid igneous rocks, which are of ignimbritic origin, termed the Agni Member, overlain by a stacked sequence of basaltic lava flows interbedded with subordinate pyroclastic deposits, the Prithvi Member. Seismic data confirms that the volcanic complex has a conical overall geometry and a layered internal structure produced by successive and extensive flows of basalt and ignimbrite, very similar to that observed in the main Deccan lava outcrops along the western margin of India. U–Pb zircon ages near the top of the Agni Member in the Raageshwari‐26 well give an age of 68+/−2 Ma for a tephrite pyroclastic unit, whilst Ar–Ar analysis of a distal basalt containing phenocrysts of biotite from the Saraswati‐4 well gave an older robust Ar–Ar plateau age of 73.7 ± 1.4 Ma. A typical Deccan age of 67.9 ± 1.7 Ma was obtained from the isolated unaltered basaltic andesite in well NE‐South‐1. Due to depositional on‐lap onto the Central Basin High, the overlying alluvial Dandlawas and Fatehgarh formations are absent on the crest of the Central Basin High and Barmer Hill Formation lake sediments rest directly on the basalts. This relationship indicates that the volcanic cone was a structural or topographic high during deposition onto which the Fatehgarh and Barmer Hill formations lake sediments eventually on‐lapped. The RVF of the Barmer Basin along with the Deccan volcanics in the Cambay Basin, Narmada Rift and in Saurasthra are all developed within fault‐bounded rift basins, in which deep seated faults extend beneath the Deccan volcanic sequence. They are associated with thermal anomalies and thinned continental crust and the presence of a linear low velocity zone at ~100 km depth in the upper mantle region beneath the Barmer and Cambay basins. This is interpreted to be the position of the “conduit” through which plume head material passed through the upper mantle before arriving at the base of the Indian lithosphere. The RVF therefore appears to be an early eruption of differentiated ultrabasic magma from a shallow, secondary magma chamber produced by partial crustal melting.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tectono‐stratigraphy Of the Barmer Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Syn‐rift volcanism in the Barmer Basin: An intra‐basin extrusive complex at the northern limit of the Deccan volcanic province in India

Burley

Gould²,

Taylor

et al. 2022

Geological Journal

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“…Deccan surface is more than 2200 m below sea level, Fig. 1A) (Misra et al, 2019). It is important to bear in mind that much of the relatively shallow near-shore volcanics, as well as some of the seamounts, were actually erupted subaerially, and perhaps closely related both in space and time to the onshore Western Ghats and Saurashtra provinces (e.g., seamounts of a few thousand km 3 on the Saurashtra Platform and Laxmi Basin; Carmichael et al 2009, Calvès, et al 2011.…”

Section: Offshore Deccan-related Volcanism (Continued Below)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Deccan Volcanism at K-Pg Time

Mittal¹,

Sprain²,

Renne³

et al. 2021

Geological Society of America Abstracts With Programs

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The last major mass extinctions in Earth history (e.g., end-Guadalupian, end-Permian, end-Triassic, and end-Cretaceous) are all correlated closely in time with the main-phase eruptions of major flood basalt provinces (Emeishan, Siberian, Central Atlantic Magmatic Province, and Deccan Traps, respectively). The causal relationship between flood volcanism and mass extinction is not clear, but likely involves the climate effects of outgassed volatile species such as CO 2 , SO 2 , Cl, F, etc., from some combination of magma and country rocks. In a surprising "coincidence," the end-Cretaceous (K-Pg boundary) micro-faunal extinction also corresponds precisely in time to what may have been the largest meteor impact of the past billion years of Earth history, the Chicxulub crater at 66.05 Ma. The Deccan Traps eruptions were under way well before K-Pg/Chicxulub time and are most likely the result of the mantle plume "head" that initiated the presently active Reunion hotspot track-thus the Deccan Traps were clearly not generated, fundamentally, by the impact. However, recent high-precision 40 Ar/ 39 Ar geochronology indicates that conspicuous changes in basalt geochemistry, lava flow morphology, emplacement mode, and a possible 50% increase in eruption rate at the Lonavala/Wai subgroup transition in the Deccan Traps lava group corresponded, within radioisotopic age precision, to the K-Pg boundary and the Chicxulub impact. This has led to the testable hypothesis that the

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“…Three major episodes of rifting and basin evolution are characteristic of the Cambay Basin, viz. (i) late Cretaceous to early Eocene rifting, associated with Deccan volcanics emplacement followed by tectonic subsidence, (ii) Eocene to Miocene post-rift thermal subsidence, and (iii) Miocene to present-day late post-rift structural inversion of the basin, related to the India-Asia collision [42]. Cenozoic sedimentation within the basin initiates with the deposition of ill-sorted, trap-derived volcanoclastic sediments of the Olpad (or Vagadkhol) Formation of the Paleocene age [41].…”

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Authigenic Fe Mineralization in Shallow to Marginal Marine Environments: A Case Study from the Late Paleocene—Early Eocene Cambay Shale Formation

et al. 2023

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The late Paleocene–early Eocene warm greenhouse conditions, characterized by elevated pCO2 levels in the atmosphere and a dramatic increase in sea surface temperature, prompted abundant authigenic glauconite formation within the shallow marine sediments worldwide by lowering the net sedimentation rate, increasing organic productivity and expanding the oxygen minimum zones to shallow oceans. The early Eocene marginal marine Cambay Shale Formation experienced episodes of marine inundation represented by limestone–green shale alternations. The shales host abundant authigenic light-green, dark-green, and brown pellets. A detailed characterization of the pellets of the Valia and Vastan lignite mines, integrating the sedimentological, petrographical, mineralogical, and mineral geochemical data, suggests two distinct varieties of Fe–silicate formation, viz. glauconite and chamosite. While the glauconitic green pellets are ubiquitous to Valia and Vastan mines, brown chamosite pellets are confined within the basal part of the green shale facies alternating with fossiliferous limestone in the Vastan mine. The glauconites of the Valia mine manifest a ‘nascent’ to ‘slightly evolved’ maturation stage of glauconitization, whereas the glauconites of the Vastan mine represent the ‘evolved’ type. The limestone–green shale alternation in the Valia mine is overlain by a ~4 m-thick spherulitic mudstone facies comprising monomineralic sideritic spherulites, reflecting a pure FeCO3 composition. The glauconites in the Cambay Shale Formation transformed from kaolinite-rich clay pellets under dys-oxic depositional conditions. The increasing anoxicity within the microenvironment, possibly amplified by the rapid oxidation of continent-derived organic matter, facilitated chamosite formation instead of glauconite. The increased freshwater influx into the marginal marine depositional environment resulted in immature, K-poor glauconites of the Valia mine. The formation of siderite spherulites overlying the limestone–green shale alternation relates to the beginning of the regressive phase of sedimentation.

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Syn- to post-rift fault evolution in a failed rift: a reflection seismic study in central Cambay Basin (Gujarat), India

Cited by 13 publications

References 60 publications

Syn‐rift volcanism in the Barmer Basin: An intra‐basin extrusive complex at the northern limit of the Deccan volcanic province in India

Syn‐rift volcanism in the Barmer Basin: An intra‐basin extrusive complex at the northern limit of the Deccan volcanic province in India

Deccan Volcanism at K-Pg Time

Authigenic Fe Mineralization in Shallow to Marginal Marine Environments: A Case Study from the Late Paleocene—Early Eocene Cambay Shale Formation

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