Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and perceived mastery in older adults before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam

Besselaar, Judith H van den; Vroomen, Janet L. MacNeil; Buurman, Bianca M.; Hertogh, Cees M.P.M.; Huisman, Martijn; Kok, Almar A L; Hoogendijk, Emiel O.

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110656

Cited by 35 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“… 30 In contrast, a longitudinal observational study showed that older adults felt that they had greater control over their lives than younger individuals in the COVID‐19 pandemic. 31 In our study, there was no significant difference in the score of ‘Autonomy’ domain. It was found that technology‐assisted learning and using internet for communication could help to improve autonomy and quality of life during the COVID‐19 pandemic.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on well‐being of seniors attending online programs at University of the Third Age: a follow‐up study

et al. 2022

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Background Reports on psychological effects of quarantine during past outbreaks and pandemics showed that quarantined people were more likely to experience psychological problems than those who were not. It was also shown that there was an increase in anxiety, depression, and stress in all age groups during the COVID‐19 pandemic. So, we investigated emotional states and quality of life as components of general well‐being in older participants of University of the Third Age (U3A) attending online programs during the second year of the pandemic, and compared them with the pre‐pandemic COVID‐19 period. Methods This study was conducted among 27 participants of a U3A program. Data on sociodemographics, Charlson comorbidity index, the Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form (GDS‐SF), The Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS), and Turkish version of World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument Older Adults Module (WHOQOL‐OLD) were taken in September 2019 and September 2021. Results The median age of the participants was 68 (60–75) years (81.5% female). In the COVID‐19 pandemic period; ‘Death and dying’ (except for ‘Fear of pain before death’ score), ‘Intimacy’ domain, and ‘Social participation’ domain scores of WHOQOL‐OLD decreased compared to the pre‐pandemic period ( P < 0.001, P = 0.011, and P < 0.001, respectively) whereas the scores for GAS and GDS‐SF were higher ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.011). The reason for the decrease in ‘Social participation’ domain scores was the decrease in ‘Satisfaction with opportunity to participate in community’. There was no significant difference in ‘Autonomy’ domain of WHOQOL‐OLD ( P = 0.598). Conclusion Although there was no change in ‘Autonomy’ domain among the participants of U3A before and during the pandemic period, anxiety and depression scores were higher in the second year of the COVID pandemic. Only a decrease in satisfaction with opportunity to participate in community might have significant impact on social participation.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on well‐being of seniors attending online programs at University of the Third Age: a follow‐up study

et al. 2022

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“…Another factor to consider was whether living alone during COVID-19 confinement was associated with a higher prevalence of depression. Although several studies have found a significant association between depression and living alone during the pandemic [ 42 , 58 ], others have shown otherwise [ 59 , 60 ]. Our results are in line with the second ones, showing no significant differences in GDS scores.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of COVID-19 Confinement on Cognition and Mental Health and Technology Use Among Socially Vulnerable Older People: Retrospective Cohort Study

Dura-Perez¹,

Goodman‐Casanova²,

Vega-Núñez³

et al. 2022

J Med Internet Res

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Background COVID-19 forced the implementation of restrictive measures in Spain, such as lockdown, home confinement, social distancing, and isolation. It is necessary to study whether limited access to basic services and decreased family and social support could have deleterious effects on cognition, quality of life, and mental health in vulnerable older people. Objective This study aims to explore the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on cognition in older adults with mild cognitive impairment or dementia as the main outcome and the quality of life, perceived health status, and depression as secondary outcomes and to analyze the association of living alone and a change in living arrangements with those outcomes and other variables related with the use of technology and health services. Likewise, this study aims to analyze the association of high and low technophilia with those variables, to explore the access and use of health care and social support services, and, finally, to explore the informative-, cognitive-, entertainment-, and socialization-related uses of information and communications technologies (ICTs) during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods This cohort study was conducted in Málaga (Spain). In total, 151 participants with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia, from the SMART4MD (n=75, 49.7%) and TV-AssistDem (n=76, 50.3%) randomized clinical trials, were interviewed by telephone between May 11 and June 26, 2020. All participants had undergone 1-3 assessments (in 6-month intervals) on cognition, quality of life, and mood prior to the COVID-19 breakout. Results The outbreak did not significantly impact the cognition, quality of life, and mood of our study population when making comparisons with baseline assessments prior to the outbreak. Perceived stress was reported as moderate during the outbreak. After correction for multiple comparisons, living alone, a change in living arrangements, and technophilia were not associated with negative mental health outcomes. However, being alone was nominally associated with self-perceived fear and depression, and higher technophilia with better quality of life, less boredom, perceived stress and depression, and also less calmness. Overall, health care and social support service access and utilization were high. The most used ICTs during the COVID-19 outbreak were the television for informative, cognitive, and entertainment-related uses and the smartphone for socialization. Conclusions Our findings show that the first months of the outbreak did not significantly impact the cognition, quality of life, perceived health status, and depression of our study population when making comparisons with baseline assessments prior to the outbreak. Living alone and low technophilia require further research to establish whether they are risk factors of mental health problems during lockdowns in vulnerable populations. Moreover, although ICTs have proven to be useful for informative-, cognitive-, entertainment-, and socialization-related uses during the pandemic, more evidence is needed to support these interventions. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04385797; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04385797 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/26431

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“…In addition, the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms has also increased in people not infected by COVID-19. For instance, the prevalence of anxiety/depressive levels in the general population after the COVID-19 outbreak was higher when compared with pre-pandemic data [ 6 ]. Similarly, up to 18% of relatives [ 7 ] or 38% of healthcare professionals (i.e., nurses) [ 8 ] attending to COVID-19 patients also exhibited high levels of anxiety and depression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychometric Properties of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in Previously Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients

Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas

Rodríguez‐Jiménez

Palacios‐Ceña

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus is associated with psychological/emotional disturbances. This study aimed to assess internal consistency, reliability, and construct validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depressive Scale (HADS), as a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) for evaluating emotional consequences of SARS-CoV-2 in hospitalized COVID-19 survivors with long COVID. The LONG-COVID-EXP-CM is a multicenter cohort study including patients hospitalized by COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic in five hospitals in Madrid. A total of 1969 (age: 61 ± 16 years, 46.5% women) COVID-19 survivors experiencing post-COVID symptoms a mean of 8.4 ± 1.5 months after hospital discharge completed HADS. Internal consistency (Cronbach α), reliability (item-internal consistency, item-discriminant validity), construct validity (confirmatory factor analysis), and floor effect and ceiling effect were calculated. The mean time for fulfilling HADS was 65 ± 12 s. A ceiling effect ranging from 1.99% to 13.74% and a floor effect ranging from 43.05% to 77.77% was observed. Based on the item-scale correlation coefficients, the Cronbach’s alpha values reflecting the internal consistency reliability were 0.890 for the anxiety scale (HADS-A) and 0.856 for the depressive scale (HADS-D) The correlation coefficient between HADS-A and HADS-D scores was excellent (r: 0.878). The confirmatory factor analysis revealed that five out of the seven fitness indexes were excellent: CFI = 0.969, NNFI = 0.963; TLI = 0.963; AGFI = 0.951; GFI = 0.972), supporting good construct validity. In conclusion, this study indicates that both anxiety and depressive symptoms scales of HADS had overall good psychometric properties to be used for assessing psychological and emotional stress in COVID-19 survivors with long COVID.

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Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and perceived mastery in older adults before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam

Cited by 35 publications

References 31 publications

The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on well‐being of seniors attending online programs at University of the Third Age: a follow‐up study

The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on well‐being of seniors attending online programs at University of the Third Age: a follow‐up study

The Impact of COVID-19 Confinement on Cognition and Mental Health and Technology Use Among Socially Vulnerable Older People: Retrospective Cohort Study

Psychometric Properties of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in Previously Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients

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