Symptomatic plant viroid infections in phytopathogenic fungi: A request for a critical reassessment

Serra, Pedro; Carbonell, Alberto; Navarro, Beatriz; Gago‐Zachert, Selma; Li, Shifang; Serio, Francesco Di; Flores, Ricardo

doi:10.1073/pnas.1922249117

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This is our response to the letter by Serra et al (1), which questioned our recent paper (2) describing plant viroid infections in phytopathogenic fungi. In this study, full-length monomeric cDNA clones of seven plant viroid RNA genomes were produced using oligonucleotide synthesis (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 81%

Reply to Serra et al.: Nucleotide substitutions in plant viroid genomes that multiply in phytopathogenic fungi

Wei

Bian

Andika

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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mentioning

confidence: 81%

Reply to Serra et al.: Nucleotide substitutions in plant viroid genomes that multiply in phytopathogenic fungi

Wei

Bian

Andika

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Most viroid infections were asymptomatic in the fungi, but HSVd infection significantly reduced the growth and virulence of V. mali . It has been suggested that viroid replication in fungi should also be verified by other detection techniques [ 88 ]. The sequence analysis of the HSVd, which accumulated in F. graminearum , and of the ASBVd, which accumulated in C. parasitica , after eight fungal subcultures showed nucleotide-sequence substitutions, suggesting that these viroids were replicating in and adapting to the fungal hosts [ 89 ].…”

Section: Vector Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modes of Viroid Transmission

Hadidi

Sun

Randles

2022

Cells

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Studies on the ways in which viroids are transmitted are important for understanding their epidemiology and for developing effective control measures for viroid diseases. Viroids may be spread via vegetative propagules, mechanical damage, seed, pollen, or biological vectors. Vegetative propagation is the most prevalent mode of spread at the global, national and local level while further dissemination can readily occur by mechanical transmission through crop handling with viroid-contaminated hands or pruning and harvesting tools. The current knowledge of seed and pollen transmission of viroids in different crops is described. Biological vectors shown to transmit viroids include certain insects, parasitic plants, and goats. Under laboratory conditions, viroids were also shown to replicate in and be transmitted by phytopathogenic ascomycete fungi; therefore, fungi possibly serve as biological vectors of viroids in nature. The term “mycoviroids or fungal viroids” has been introduced in order to denote these viroids. Experimentally, known sequence variants of viroids can be transmitted as recombinant infectious cDNA clones or transcripts. In this review, we endeavor to provide a comprehensive overview of the modes of viroid transmission under both natural and experimental situations. A special focus is the key findings which can be applied to the control of viroid diseases.

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“…The same methods also seem appropriate to further investigate whether viroids may infect organisms of other kingdoms of life besides plants. Replication of some viroids has been reported in yeast (20), cyanobacteria (21), and fungi (22) used as experimental hosts, but some of these results have been questioned (23). In nature, at least two viroid-like RNAs have been associated with fungi that infect plants, but their close association with mycoviruses suggested that they are satellite RNAs rather than viroids (24).…”

Section: Viroids and Viroid-like Rnas In Naturementioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Viroid-Host Interactions

2021

Self Cite

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Viroids are small, single-stranded, circular RNAs infecting plants. Composed of only a few hundred nucleotides and being unable to code for proteins, viroids represent the lowest level of complexity for an infectious agent, even below that of the smallest known viruses. Despite the relatively small size, viroids contain RNA structural elements embracing all the information needed to interact with host factors involved in their infectious cycle, thus providing models for studying structure-function relationships of RNA. Viroids are specifically targeted to nuclei (family Pospiviroidae) or chloroplasts (family Avsunviroidae), where replication based on rolling-circle mechanisms takes place. They move locally and systemically through plasmodesmata and phloem, respectively, and may elicit symptoms in the infected host, with pathogenic pathways linked to RNA silencing and other plant defense responses. In this review, recent advances in the dissection of the complex interplay between viroids and plants are presented, highlighting knowledge gaps and perspectives for future research. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Virology, Volume 8 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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Symptomatic plant viroid infections in phytopathogenic fungi: A request for a critical reassessment

Cited by 15 publications

References 10 publications

Reply to Serra et al.: Nucleotide substitutions in plant viroid genomes that multiply in phytopathogenic fungi

Reply to Serra et al.: Nucleotide substitutions in plant viroid genomes that multiply in phytopathogenic fungi

Modes of Viroid Transmission

Advances in Viroid-Host Interactions

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