Symptomatic and asymptomatic apical periodontitis associated with red complex bacteria: clinical and microbiological evaluation

Abstract

In this study, the association of red complex (RC) bacteria that include Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia and Porphyromonas gingivalis with acute, exacerbated or chronic apical periodontitis was evaluated. Seventy-one patients with periapical disease were evaluated by clinical examination and microbiological samples obtained from the root canals were analyzed by a polymerase chain reaction assay. Twenty-one (29.6%) samples were positive for RC bacteria, with T. denticola, T. forsythia and P. gingivalis being detected in 14 (19.7%), 10 (14.1%) and 6 (8.5%) samples, respectively. RC bacteria were mainly associated with acute apical periodontitis (29.2%) and phoenix abscess (63.2%), while they were only sporadically detected (7.1%) in patients with chronic apical periodontitis. Generally, RC bacteria were associated with pain and a higher frequency of intracanalar/intrasulcular pus drainage. Involvement of RC bacteria in symptomatic periapical disease should be suspected in the presence of particularly severe clinical pain and pus drainage.

Periodontopathogen and Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Periapical Periodontitis May Be the Source of Retrograde Infectious Peri-Implantitis

“…12 The etiopathogenesis of symptomatic (SP) and asymptomatic (AP) periapical periodontitis (PP) lesions seems to be orchestrated and fueled by a combination of herpesviruses types 4 and 5, and Gram-negative anaerobic rods. 5,[13][14][15][16][17] Researchers have hypothesized that active herpesviral infections would induce local immunosuppression and allow destructive bacterial overgrowth favoring the initiation and progression of tissue breakdown. 4,6 However, the exact mechanisms of action, etiopathogenesis, and pathogen proportions for disease progression are still unclear.…”

Prevalence of Treponema Species Detected in Endodontic Infections: Systematic Review and Meta-regression Analysis

“…However, in the meta-regression, it was possible to T. denticola (0%*, 16.6%**), T. socranskii (11.1%*, 0%**) Gomes et al, 2012 (29) PI*, PSI** AAP RC PP PCR T. denticola (20%*, 6.7%**), T. socranskii (33%*, 6.7%**) Buonavoglia et al, 2013 (79) PI, PSI AAA*, SAP**, AAP*** RC PP PCR T. denticola (37%*, 21%**, 7.1%***) N obrega et al, 2013 (80) PSI SAP*, AAP** RC PP Nested PCR T. denticola (32.3%*, 0%**) T. maltophilum (32.3%*, 20%**) T. medium (17.6%*, 40%**) T. socranskii (17.6%*, 40%**) T. pectinovorum (17.6%*, 0%**) T. vincentii (20.6%*, 0%**) T. lecithinolyticum (11.8%*, 0%**) T. amylovorum (8.8%*, 0%**) AAP, asymptomatic apical periodontitis; AL, apical lesion; EAP, exacerbated apical periodontitis; PI, primary infection; PP, paper point; PSI, persistent/secondary infection; RC, root canal; SAP, symptomatic apical periodontitis; SR, surgical removal. In each study the number of asterisks (*) indicates the corresponding study characteristic and treponema prevalence accordingly.…”

Periodontal disease associated with red complex bacteria in dogs

“…, Buonavoglia et al . ). RCB possess several virulence factors, including fimbriae, proteinases, exopolysaccharides and hemin‐binding proteins (Holt & Ebersole ).…”

“…In humans, three microorganisms are mainly associated with periodontal disease, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia and Porphyromonas gingivalis, and they are usually referred to as forming a complex, the so-called Red Complex bacteria (RCB). These bacteria are Gram negative, non-spore-forming anaerobic organisms and they may be found as pure or mixed infections (Socransky et al 1998, Buonavoglia et al 2013. RCB possess several virulence factors, including fimbriae, proteinases, exopolysaccharides and hemin-binding proteins (Holt & Ebersole ttp://www.bsava.com/ Red complex bacteria in dogs PD>3 mm but PAL=0 mm (gingivitis); gingival inflammation, PD>3mm, PAL≥1 mm (periodontitis).…”