Symptom profiles and explanatory models of first‐episode psychosis in African‐, Caribbean‐ and European‐origin groups in Ontario

Maraj, Anika; Anderson, Kelly K.; Flora, Nina; Ferrari, Manuela; Archie, Suzanne; McKenzie, Kwame

doi:10.1111/eip.12272

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Many research articles focused on psychosis or psychiatric disorders (Anderson et al 2013(Anderson et al , 2015(Anderson et al , 2017Emerson et al 2018;Ferrari et al 2015Ferrari et al , 2018Maraj et al 2017;Tranulis et al 2008;van der Ven et al 2012;Whitley 2016) which can be attributed somewhat to the inclusion of articles associated with a large research study (the African, Caribbean and European (ACE) Pathways project). The ACE Pathways project had four articles which were retrieved in this scoping review.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers and Facilitators to Accessing Mental Healthcare in Canada for Black Youth: A Scoping Review

Fante-Coleman¹,

Jackson-Best²

2020

Adolescent Res Rev

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There is evidence to suggest that Black children and youth in Canada face disproportionate challenges in accessing mental healthcare. Thus, the objective of this scoping review was to map current literature on the barriers and facilitators to care for Black youth in Canada. Both academic articles and gray literature published between January 2005 until May 2019 were reviewed. Six databases were searched for relevant academic articles: CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, EBSCOhost, Social Science Citation Index, and Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts. Gray literature was sourced from community recommendations and Google. Thirty-three (33) sources met the inclusion criteria. Data were coded and analyzed using a thematic analysis framework. Barriers to care for Black youth were identified and occurred at multiple levels of society including systemic (i.e., wait times, poor access to practitioners, geographical challenges and financial barriers to care), practitioner-related (i.e., racism and discrimination from providers, the inability to provide culturally competent care and a lack of organizational support) and personal and community-related barriers (i.e., internalized stigma and stigma from community). Support from family and friends, as well as a good relationship with providers, were noted as facilitators. The findings of this review suggest that Black children and youth face many barriers to accessing the Canadian mental healthcare system despite its purported universality. An increase in funding, expansion of the universal healthcare system to include mental health, and concerted effort on delivering culturally competent care are requisite to facilitate access to care for this population. Further research should focus on Black youth, be rooted in community-based research, and explore intersecting identities in the context of mental illness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers and Facilitators to Accessing Mental Healthcare in Canada for Black Youth: A Scoping Review

Fante-Coleman¹,

Jackson-Best²

2020

Adolescent Res Rev

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“…(DUP is calculated as the time from the first emergence of psychotic symptoms to the time an individual enters sustained psychiatric treatment.) Maraj et al (2017) have suggested that understanding EMs of psychotic illness could improve the cultural competence of Canadian mental health providers working with patients of African and Caribbean origins.…”

Section: Fritz Heider Launched the Field Of Attributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural explanations of psychotic illness and care-seeking of family caregivers in Java, Indonesia

Subandi

Praptomojati

Marchira

et al. 2020

Transcult Psychiatry

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The cultural understanding of illness among caregivers of first-episode psychotic persons is a crucial issue. Not only does it influence caregivers’ care-seeking behavior and length of time until receiving medical treatment (known as the ‘duration of untreated psychosis’ or DUP), but it also predicts the outcome of the illness. This article aims to explore cultural understanding and care-seeking behavior among caregivers of psychotic patients in Java, Indonesia. Data for this article have been taken from two studies conducted by our research group in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Methods of data collection include surveys, case studies, ethnographic fieldwork, and in-depth interviews. Results of analyses, within and across studies, indicate that caregivers have employed diverse cultural explanatory models in order to understand psychotic illness. Local cultural beliefs, including possession and forms of black magic, were among the most common initial concepts held by family members in relation to psychosis. This echoes broader cultural beliefs in Java. However, it was not uncommon for caregivers to also understand illness in psychological terms (such as frustration, disappointment, and stress) and attached medical explanations. Caregivers’ understanding of illness also changed over time following the changing course of the illness. Both models of illness and the rapidity of care-seeking are also related to the acuteness of onset. This article concludes that it is important for mental health providers, as well as those designing systems of care, to understand the diversity and changing nature of caregivers’ cultural understanding of psychotic illness.

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“…We submit that future studies may focus on culture and ethnicity to get a better understanding of this large burden of psychotic disorders in this setting. Culture and ethnicity play an important role in symptom presentation, care seeking and access to health services [40,41]. Previous literature has also highlighted the preference for alternative and complementary therapies for the initial management of psychotic disorders in this setting [24,25,27,28].…”

Section: Large Burden Of Psychotic Disorders At the National Referralmentioning

confidence: 99%

One year prevalence of psychotic disorders among first treatment contact patients at the National Psychiatric Referral and Teaching Hospital in Uganda

et al. 2020

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Introduction Hospital based studies for psychotic disorders are scarce in low and middle income countries. This may impact on development of intervention programs. Objective We aimed to determine the burden of psychotic disorders among first treatment contact patients at the national psychiatric referral hospital in Uganda. Methods A retrospective patient chart-file review was carried out in March 2019 for all patients presenting to the hospital for the first time in the previous year. Patients were categorised into those with and without psychotic disorders. We collected sociodemographic data on age, gender, occupation, level of education, ethnicity, religion and home district. We determined the one year prevalence of psychotic disorders among first treatment contact patients. Using logistic regression models, we also determined the association between psychotic disorders and various exposure variables among first treatment contact patients. Results In 2018, 63% (95% CI: 60.2-65.1) of all first time contact patients had a psychosis related diagnosis. Among the patients with psychotic disorders, the median age was 29 years (IQR 24-36). Most of the patients were male (62.8%) and unemployed (63.1%). After adjusting for patients' residence, psychotic disorders were found to be more prevalent among the female gender [OR 1.58 (CI1.46-1.72)] and those of Pentecostal faith [OR 1.25 (CI 1.10-1.42)].

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Symptom profiles and explanatory models of first‐episode psychosis in African‐, Caribbean‐ and European‐origin groups in Ontario

Abstract: Understanding the differences in illness models for ethnic minority groups may help improve the cultural competence of mental health services.

Cited by 11 publications

References 29 publications

Barriers and Facilitators to Accessing Mental Healthcare in Canada for Black Youth: A Scoping Review

Barriers and Facilitators to Accessing Mental Healthcare in Canada for Black Youth: A Scoping Review

Cultural explanations of psychotic illness and care-seeking of family caregivers in Java, Indonesia

One year prevalence of psychotic disorders among first treatment contact patients at the National Psychiatric Referral and Teaching Hospital in Uganda

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