Symptom prevalence differences of depression as measured by BDI and PHQ scales in the Look AHEAD study

Abstract

Summary Objective To compare depressive symptomatology as assessed by two frequently used measures, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI‐1A) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9). Methods Investigators conducted a cross‐sectional secondary analysis of data collected as part of the follow‐up observational phase of the Look AHEAD study. Rates of agreement between the BDI‐1A and PHQ‐9 were calculated, and multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between differing depression category classifications and demographic factors (ie, age, sex, race/ethnicity) or comorbidities (ie, diabetes control, cardiovascular disease). Results A high level of agreement (κ = 0.47, 95% CI (0.43 to 0.50)) was found in the level of depressive symptomatology between the BDI‐1A and PHQ‐9. Differing classifications (minimal, mild, moderate, and severe) occurred in 16.8% of the sample. Higher scores on the somatic subscale of the BDI‐1A were significantly associated with disagreement as were having a history of cardiovascular disease, lower health‐related quality of life, and minority racial/ethnic classification. Conclusions Either the BDI‐1A or PHQ‐9 can be used to assess depressive symptomatology in adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, further assessment should be considered in those with related somatic symptoms, decreased quality of life, and in racial/ethnic minority populations.

Changes in mood and health‐related quality of life in Look AHEAD 6 years after termination of the lifestyle intervention

“…This inventory contains nine items (each scored on a 0‐3 scale) which map directly on the diagnostic criteria for major depressive episode specified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (28). We added the PHQ‐9 to the Continuation assessment because of these characteristics, and we have previously reported on the agreement between the BDI‐1A and PHQ‐9 in identifying depression (29). Scores ≥ 5 on the PHQ‐9 suggest likely mild or greater symptoms of depression, with higher scores indicating greater depression (27).…”

Validity of self‐reporting depression in the Tabari cohort study population

“…They have few items for depression, except the HAM-D 4 , these depression assessment tools were developed as a measure of treatment outcome rather than a diagnostic or screening depression 1 . However, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) assesses both the psychosomatic and the physical symptoms, and its effectiveness has been discussed in many studies 7 . This tool has been used in more than 7000 researches so far.…”

Association Between Three-Months Vitamin D Supplementation and Depressive Symptomatology incidence among Saudi Arabian Adults. (c2022)

“…It is a self-administered version of the PRIME-MD diagnostic instrument for common mental disorders and it has been approved for usage in primary care settings. Nevertheless, this questionnaire was shown to be a valid measure to evaluate depression (Vaughan et al, 2019). The Arabic version of the PHQ is a valid and reliable tool to screen for depression, anxiety, somatic, and panic disorders and its validity and reliability were demonstrated in Saudi Arabia (AlHadi et al, 2017).…”

“…Participants stated how often they experienced each of nine depression symptoms in the previous two weeks on a 0 "not at all" to 3 "nearly every day" scale, resulting in composite scores ranging from 0 to 27 (Vaughan et al, 2019). The participants were asked to select one statement that most accurately described their condition.…”

“…The participants were asked to select one statement that most accurately described their condition. The scores of the PHQ questionnaire were interpreted as follows: 0-4 Minimal depression, 5-9 mild depression, 10-14 moderate depression, 15-19 moderately severe depression, 20-27 severe depression (Vaughan et al, 2019).…”