Symptom Expression and Disease Occurrence of a Yellows Disease of Grapevine in Northeastern Italy

Osler, R.

doi:10.1094/pd-77-0496

Cited by 45 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…These results confirm the observations of Osler et al (1999) on apricot plants, in which recovery appeared to be unrelated to the disappearance of the phytoplasma from the plant, as instead generally occurs in the canopy of apple trees and grapevines (Osler et al, 1993(Osler et al, , 1999Loi et al, 2002;Musetti et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

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Hydrogen peroxide localization and antioxidant status in the recovery of apricot plants from European Stone Fruit Yellows

Musetti¹,

Toppi²,

Martini³

et al. 2005

Eur J Plant Pathol

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Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) localization and roles of peroxidases, malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione\ud were compared in leaves of apricot (Prunus armeniaca) plants: asymptomatic, European Stone Fruits\ud Yellows (ESFY)-symptomatic and recovered. Nested PCR analysis revealed that ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma\ud prunorum’, is present in asymptomatic, symptomatic and recovered apricot trees, confirming previous\ud observations on this species, in which recovery does not seem to be related to the disappearance of\ud phytoplasma from the plant.\ud H2O2 was detected cytochemically by its reaction with cerium chloride, which produces electron-dense\ud deposits of cerium perhydroxides. H2O2 was present in the plasmalemma of the phloem cells of recovered\ud apricot plant leaves, but not in the asymptomatic or symptomatic material. Furthermore, by labelling\ud apricot leaf tissues with diaminobenzidine DAB, no differences were found in the localization of peroxidases.\ud Protein content in asymptomatic, symptomatic and recovered leaves was not significantly different from\ud one another. In contrast, guaiacol peroxidase activity had the following trend: symptomatic\ud > recovered > asymptomatic, whereas reduced glutathione content followed the opposite trend:\ud asymptomatic > recovered > symptomatic. Moreover, no differences were observed in malondialdehyde\ud concentrations between asymptomatic, symptomatic and recovered leaves. The overall results suggest that\ud H2O2 and related metabolites and enzymes appear to be involved in lessening both pathogen virulence and\ud disease symptom expression in ESFY-infected apricot plants

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Recovery has been reported to occur in apple, grape and apricot affected by phytoplasmas (Osler et al, 1993;1999;Musetti et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen peroxide localization and antioxidant status in the recovery of apricot plants from European Stone Fruit Yellows

Musetti¹,

Toppi²,

Martini³

et al. 2005

Eur J Plant Pathol

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“…Since the earliest reports of the disease (26)(27)(28), considerable effort has been devoted to understanding its spread and determining the nature of its causal agent, which was presumed to be a phytoplasma (formerly mycoplasmalike organism) (26,28,29). In its symptomatology, Australian grapevine yellows resembles flavescence dorCe, bois noir, Vergilbungskrankheit, and other grapevine yellows diseases also believed to be caused by phytoplasmas (3,4,7,(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)33,34,36,37,42). Although rigorous proof of the pathogenicity of phytoplasmas has been elusive because of an inability to culture these cell wall-less prokaryotes in cell-free medium, indirect evidence from electron microscopy, antibiotic therapy, and use of molecular probes has supported the hypothesis of phytoplasmal etiology (6,16,21,26,29,33,36,37,42).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In its symptomatology, Australian grapevine yellows resembles flavescence dorCe, bois noir, Vergilbungskrankheit, and other grapevine yellows diseases also believed to be caused by phytoplasmas (3,4,7,(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)33,34,36,37,42). Although rigorous proof of the pathogenicity of phytoplasmas has been elusive because of an inability to culture these cell wall-less prokaryotes in cell-free medium, indirect evidence from electron microscopy, antibiotic therapy, and use of molecular probes has supported the hypothesis of phytoplasmal etiology (6,16,21,26,29,33,36,37,42). In the case of Australian grapevine yellows, both the sensitivity of the disease to the antibiotic tetracycline and electron microscopic observations of phytoplasmas in the phloem of diseased grapevines have provided evidence of phytoplasmal etiology (25,29).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

"Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense," a New Phytoplasma Taxon Associated with Australian Grapevine Yellows

Davis

Dally²,

Gundersen³

et al. 1997

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

133

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A phytoplasma was detected in naturally diseased 'Chardonnay' grapevines exhibiting symptoms of Australian grapevine yellows disease. The use of PCR designed to amplify phytoplasma DNA resulted in detection of phytoplasma DNA in all of the diseased plants examined; no phytoplasma DNA was detected in healthy seedling grapevines. The collective restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns of amplified 16s ribosomal DNA differed from the patterns described previously for other phytoplasmas. On the basis of the RFLP patterns, Australian grapevine yellows phytoplasma was classified as a representative of a new subgroup, designated subgroup 16SrI-J, in phytoplasma 16s rRNA group 16SrI (aster yellows and related phytoplasmas). A phylogenetic analysis in which parsimony of 16s rRNA gene sequences from this and other group 16SrI phytoplasmas was used identified the Australian grapevine yellows phytoplasma as a member of a distinct subclade (subclade xii) in the phytoplasma clade of the class Mollicutes. A phylogenetic tree constructed on the basis of 16s rRNA gene sequences was consistent with the hypothesis that there was divergent evolution of Australian grapevine yellows phytoplasma and its closet known relative, European stolbur phytoplasma (subgroup 16SrI-G), from a common ancestor. The unique properties of the DNA from the Australian grapevine yellows phytoplasma clearly establish that it represents a new taxon, "Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense."

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“…This result counter-indicates a continuous progression of the infection with time, and may be due either to the reduced growth of the pathogens at the higher temperatures, or to host physiological conditions that are less conductive for phytoplasma invasion. It may be worth noting that host stress is a known cause of recovery from phytoplasma infection (Osler et al 1993).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the apple proliferation symptom display and the canopy colonization pattern of “Candidatus Phytoplasma mali” in apple trees

et al. 2010

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Notwithstanding the availability of several different real time PCR protocols for "Candidatus Phytoplasma mali", it is still unclear how informative is the estimation of the concentration of phytoplasma cells in the leaves of apple proliferation infected trees, and how the reliability of the estimations may be affected by an erratic and uneven distribution of the pathogen in the host. Here we investigated these issues systematically and showed that phytoplasma concentration varies significantly among seasons, but not between two cultivars that appeared to have different degree of susceptibility on the basis of the symptoms displayed. In fully symptomatic trees sampled at the end of the season the phytoplasmas were detectable in most leaves, but in more than half of the leaves at low concentrations. Both the pattern of colonization of the canopy and the amount of phytoplasmas varied greatly in trees that show symptom remission, although a direct relation between symptom severity and colonization could not be established. The sampling of the apple canopy for the purpose of evaluation of concentration of "Candidatus Phytoplasma mali" should take into consideration the complex pattern of colonization and seasonal variation

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Symptom Expression and Disease Occurrence of a Yellows Disease of Grapevine in Northeastern Italy

Cited by 45 publications

References 0 publications

Hydrogen peroxide localization and antioxidant status in the recovery of apricot plants from European Stone Fruit Yellows

Hydrogen peroxide localization and antioxidant status in the recovery of apricot plants from European Stone Fruit Yellows

"Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense," a New Phytoplasma Taxon Associated with Australian Grapevine Yellows

On the apple proliferation symptom display and the canopy colonization pattern of “Candidatus Phytoplasma mali” in apple trees

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