Symposium review: Precision technologies for dairy calves and management applications

Costa, J.H.C.; Cantor, Melissa C.; Neave, Heather W.

doi:10.3168/jds.2019-17885

Cited by 55 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…Accelerometers are placed horizontally on one leg, with the x -axis pointing towards the dorsal plane of the calf [ 36 ]. Tri-axial accelerometers measure the angle of tilt to the earth, as well as the amount of dynamic acceleration, determining the position relative to the ground, and the direction and speed of movement [ 94 ]. Depending on the accelerometer, different sensor outputs, such as Standing, Lying, Walking, or Step counts [ 35 , 95 ] are included.…”

Section: Pain Assessment In Calvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accelerometers have been developed and validated to measure a wide variety of different behaviors in calves, in the form of pedometers, ear tags, or collars [ 94 ]. In the last decade, accelerometers have been used extensively for the assessment of activity in calves to assess changes to activity due to pain after different procedures [ 35 , 71 , 87 , 92 , 95 , 96 ].…”

Section: Pain Assessment In Calvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accelerometers are non-invasive [ 92 ]. Other advantages of these devices are their small size and weight, the low cost, and their ability to record behavioral data over a long period of time (days or months) in high-resolution quality [ 94 ]. Long time recording requires an adequate size of memory, which might increase the cost; however, this problem can be overcome by wireless collection of data, which restricts the area an animal is able to move in [ 97 ].…”

Section: Pain Assessment In Calvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calibration following the manufacturer’s recommendations is necessary. Until now, there is no validation of the accuracy and precision of ACFS under different on-farm circumstances or at farm level [ 94 ].…”

Section: Pain Assessment In Calvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Feed intake has been used as an indicator for pain in calves in several studies [ 28 , 38 , 87 ]. However, feed intake also changes before [ 36 , 94 ] and during [ 123 ] clinical disease, and due to stress [ 36 ]. Therefore, recording feed and milk intake seems to be more suitable for detecting diseases, than for directly assessing pain in calves.…”

Section: Pain Assessment In Calvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Methods for Pain Assessment in Calves and Their Use for the Evaluation of Pain during Different Procedures—A Review

Tschoner

2021

Animals

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The evaluation and assessment of the level of pain calves are experiencing is important, as the experience of pain (e.g., due to routine husbandry procedures) severely affects the welfare of calves. Studies about the recognition of pain in calves, and especially pain management during and after common procedures, such as castration, dehorning, and disbudding, have been published. This narrative review discusses and summarizes the existing literature about methods for pain assessment in calves. First, it deals with the definition of pain and the challenges associated with the recognition of pain in calves. Then it proceeds to outline the different options and methods for subjective and objective pain assessment in calves, as described in the literature. Research data show that there are several tools suitable for the assessment of pain in calves, at least for research purposes. Finally, it concludes that for research purposes, various variables for the assessment of pain in calves are used in combination. However, there is no variable which can be used solely for the exclusive assessment of pain in calves. Also, further research is needed to describe biomarkers or variables which are easily accessible in the field practice.

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Section: Pain Assessment In Calvesmentioning

confidence: 99%