Symposium review: Mechanisms of disruption of fertility by infectious diseases of the reproductive tract

Gilbert, R.O.

doi:10.3168/jds.2018-15602

Cited by 54 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Endometritis (˃ 5% PMN in endometrial cytology diagnosed around the fifth week postpartum) affects 15 to 35% of dairy cows and substantially impairs their fertility 22,23 . Endometritis is chronic, localized, often without concurrent bacterial infection, and so is currently understood as a manifestation of dysregulated inflammation, the specific causes of which are not well characterized 18,24 . Elevated levels of NEFA compromise PMN proliferation and function [25][26][27] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of anti-inflammatory treatment on systemic inflammation, immune function, and endometrial health in postpartum dairy cows

Pascottini

Schyndel

Sprícigo

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Systemic inflammation (SI) is increasingly studied in several species because it may be central in many metabolic disturbances and be a risk factor for clinical disease. This proof-of-concept study evaluated the effects of the anti-inflammatory drug meloxicam on markers of SI and energy metabolism, polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) function, and endometritis in clinically healthy postpartum dairy cows. Cows received meloxicam (0.5 mg/kg of body weight; n = 20) once daily for 4 days (10-13 days postpartum) or were untreated (n = 22). Blood samples were collected −7,

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of anti-inflammatory treatment on systemic inflammation, immune function, and endometrial health in postpartum dairy cows

Pascottini

Schyndel

Sprícigo

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Routine vaccination programs control many of the infectious diseases that negatively impact production and pregnancy (Newcomer and Givens, 2016). There are pathogens that affect postpartum reproduction that cannot be effectively controlled by vaccination (Gilbert, 2019). Infectious disease stress, therefore, is common in postpartum cows.…”

Section: Infectious Disease and Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infectious disease stress, therefore, is common in postpartum cows. Common diseases that affect postpartum dairy cows include metabolic diseases (ketosis and fatty liver) (Overton et al, 2017), periparturient disorders (dystocia and retained placenta) (Funnell and Hilton, 2016), uterine diseases (metritis and endometritis) (Gilbert, 2019) and mastitis (Sordillo, 2018). Dystocia predisposes cattle to retained placenta and uterine infection (metritis) both of which are painful and are associated with reduced feed intake (Esposito et al, 2014;Collier et al, 2017;Shock et al, 2018).…”

Section: Infectious Disease and Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress, strain, and pregnancy outcome in postpartum cows

Lucy

2019

Anim Reprod

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Stress affects the productivity and fertility of cattle. Stress causes strain and individual animals experience different amounts of strain in response to the same amount of stress. The amount of strain determines the impact of stress on fertility. Typical stresses experienced by cattle include environmental, disease, production, nutritional, and psychological. The effect of stress on the reproductive system is mediated by body temperature (heat stress), energy metabolites and metabolic hormones (production and nutritional stresses), the functionality of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and (or) the activation of the hypothalamuspituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The strain that occurs in response to stress affects uterine health, oocyte quality, ovarian function, and the developmental capacity of the conceptus. Cows that have less strain in response to a given stress will be more fertile. The goal for future management and genetic selection in farm animals is to reduce production stress, manage the remaining strain, and genetically select cattle with minimal strain in response to stress.

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“…Here we review the mechanisms that dairy cows use to prevent postpartum uterine disease. We only briefly discuss the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of uterine disease because there are recent reviews available [2,4,6]. Instead, we focus on how preventing postpartum uterine disease depends on avoiding, tolerating and resisting infections with pathogenic bacteria.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Theriogenology published a set of definitions for postpartum uterine diseases in cattle in 2006 [1]. Since then, there has been increased understanding about the incidence and consequences of the main uterine diseases -metritis and endometritis -and their etiology and pathogenesis [2][3][4][5][6]. However, it is less clear why some dairy cows develop postpartum uterine disease, whilst others cows exposed to the same pathogens do not develop disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing Postpartum Uterine Disease in Dairy Cattle Depends on Avoiding, Tolerating and Resisting Pathogenic Bacteria

Sheldon¹

2019

Preprint

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Up to forty percent of dairy cows can develop metritis or endometritis when bacteria infect the uterus after parturition. However, it is unclear why other cows exposed to similar pathogens do not develop uterine disease. We suggest that resilient dairy cows prevent the development of uterine disease using the three complimentary defensive strategies of avoiding, tolerating and resisting infection with pathogenic bacteria. Avoidance maintains health by limiting the exposure to pathogens. Avoidance includes intrinsic behaviors to prevent exposure to pathogens or infected animals, perhaps signaled by the fetid odor of uterine disease. Tolerance improves health by limiting the tissue damage caused by the pathogen burden. Tolerance depends on controlling the tissue damage that pathogens cause in the endometrium by neutralizing bacterial toxins, enhancing tissue repair, and inducing adaptive metabolic responses. Resistance improves health by limiting the pathogen burden. Resistance relies on the immune system generating an inflammatory response in the endometrium to eliminate pathogenic bacteria. People who manage dairy cows can also help prevent uterine disease by using extended lactations, avoiding trauma to the genital tract, maintaining hygiene, and supplying appropriate nutrition during the transition period and after parturition to counter the metabolic stress of lactation. Developing new ways to prevent uterine disease depends on increasing our understanding of the mechanisms of avoidance, tolerance and resistance to pathogens in the postpartum uterus.

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Symposium review: Mechanisms of disruption of fertility by infectious diseases of the reproductive tract

Cited by 54 publications

References 101 publications

Effect of anti-inflammatory treatment on systemic inflammation, immune function, and endometrial health in postpartum dairy cows

Effect of anti-inflammatory treatment on systemic inflammation, immune function, and endometrial health in postpartum dairy cows

Stress, strain, and pregnancy outcome in postpartum cows

Preventing Postpartum Uterine Disease in Dairy Cattle Depends on Avoiding, Tolerating and Resisting Pathogenic Bacteria

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