Symphytoxide A, A triterpenoid saponin from the roots of Symphytum officinale

Structural characteristics, bioavailability and cardioprotective potential of saponins

“… 2 , 3 Medicinal plants have been a rich source of lead molecules for the treatment of CVDs including atherosclerosis, angina pectoris, congestive heart failure, systolic hypertension, cerebral insufficiency, and arrhythmia. 4 , 5 , 6 Reserpine drugs, the first effective treatment for hypertension and digitoxin for congestive heart failure were derived from the plants Rauwolfia serpentina (snakeroot) and Digitalis species, respectively. 7 Natural products of different classes such as flavonoids/phenolics (resveratrol, genistein, catechin, apigenin, ellagic acid, and aspirin), organosulphur (sulforaphane), cardiac glycosides (oleandrin), terpenoids (arjunolic acid and gymnemic acid), steroids (diosgenin), omega-3 fatty acids, and pigments (lycopene and carotenoids) have been studied for their cardioprotective potential.…”

Two novel steroidal derivatives from chloroform-soluble extract of Hoya longifolia

“…Plants of this family have been traditionally used for their anti-inflammatory, anti-tumours (Chopra et al 1956;Ahmad, Usmaghani, et al 1983, 1988Ahmad, Noorwala, et al 1993;Masoodi et al 2008;Mahmood et al 2010), immunostimulant (Pan et al 2003(Pan et al , 2013, antidiabetic (Noor et al 2013), anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, anti-complementary, antiepileptic and antineoplastic activities (Piacente et al 1998;Sethi et al 2008Sethi et al , 2012Sethi et al , 2013MacLeod et al 1997). In the search of these novel compounds, various species of the genus Hoya have been examined chemically and a number of biologically active steroids and their glycosides have been isolated (Mahmood et al 2012;Dembitsky et al 2004).…”

Development of Male and Female Gametophyte in Symphytum orientale L. (Boraginaceae)

“…Although various studies have been performed on Symphytum genus in recent years, most of them are pointed to their chemical structure, karyology and phylogenetic analysis including morphological and molecular characters (Ulubelen and Doğanca, 1971;Ahmad et al, 1993;Mohammed et al, 1995;Akçin and Baki, 2009;Cohen, 2013). The best of our knowledge, there is little available information on the embryologic characters of Symphytum.…”