Sympathoadrenergic overactivity and lipid metabolism

Grynberg, Alain; Ziegler, Dieter; Rupp, Heinz

doi:10.1007/bf00120491

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…ANS dysregulation is reported to have a direct effect on BP regulation and lipid metabolism via circulating (nor) epinephrine (63)(64)(65)(66)(67). However, also more indirect ways are reported, for instance, via insulin resistance and the effects of adipokines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysregulation of the Autonomic Nervous System Predicts the Development of the Metabolic Syndrome

Licht

Geus

Penninx

2013

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Amp; Metabolism

120

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Context:Stress is suggested to lead to metabolic dysregulations as clustered in the metabolic syndrome. Although dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system is found to associate with the metabolic syndrome and its dysregulations, no longitudinal study has been performed to date to examine the predictive value of this stress system in the development of the metabolic syndrome.Objective: We examined whether autonomic nervous system functioning predicts 2-year development of metabolic abnormalities that constitute the metabolic syndrome.Design: Data of the baseline and 2-year follow-up assessment of a prospective cohort: the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety was used.Setting: Participants were recruited in the general community, primary care, and specialized mental health care organizations.Participants: A group of 1933 participants aged 18 -65 years. Main outcome measures:The autonomic nervous system measures included heart rate (HR), respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA; high RSA reflecting high parasympathetic activity), pre-ejection period (PEP; high PEP reflecting low sympathetic activity), cardiac autonomic balance (CAB), and cardiac autonomic regulation (CAR). Metabolic syndrome was based on the updated Adult Treatment Panel III criteria and included high waist circumference, serum triglycerides, blood pressure, serum glucose, and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.Results: Baseline short PEP, low CAB, high HR, and CAR were predictors of an increase in the number of components of the metabolic syndrome during follow-up. High HR and low CAB were predictors of a 2-year decrease in HDL cholesterol, and 2-year increase in diastolic and systolic blood pressure. Short PEP and high CAR also predicted a 2-year increase in systolic blood pressure, and short PEP additionally predicted 2-year increase in diastolic blood pressure. Finally, a low baseline RSA was predictive for subsequent decreases in HDL cholesterol. Conclusion:Increased sympathetic activity predicts an increase in metabolic abnormalities over time. These findings suggest that a dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system is an important predictor of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes through dysregulating lipid metabolism and blood pressure over time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysregulation of the Autonomic Nervous System Predicts the Development of the Metabolic Syndrome

Licht

Geus

Penninx

2013

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Amp; Metabolism

120

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“…Activation of the sympathetic tone has been reported to be associated with worsening of each pathophysiological component of MetS (26,27). Masuo et al demonstrated that elevation of the plasma norepinephrine levels preceded the development of insulin resistance and the elevation of blood pressure in their subjects (28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heart Rate Elevation Precedes the Development of Metabolic Syndrome in Japanese Men: A Prospective Study

et al. 2007

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This observational study of Japanese men without metabolic syndrome (MetS) (age: 41 ± 8 years) was conducted to clarify whether or not heart rate elevation precedes the development of full-blown MetS. MetS was defined based on two modifications of the criteria of the Japanese Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Metabolic Syndrome. Premetabolic syndrome subjects were defined as those having one component of MetS with increased body mass index (BMI). Among the subjects without MetS (n =1,859 when the BMI criterion was ≥ 25 and n =2,020 when the BMI criterion was ≥27.5), the incidence of progression to full-blown MetS by the time of the second examination at the end of the 3-year study period was higher in the subjects with premetabolic syndrome than in those without it. The receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis and binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds ratio (OR) of a heart rate ≥69 beats/ min at the first examination for progression to full-blown MetS by the time of the second examination was

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“…We observed an increased AA concentration also in the aorta of rats after chronic swimming exercise which is associated with enhanced adrenergic influences [58]. This AA-raising effect of catecholamines appears to hold only for intact animals, because in cultured cardiomyocytes isoproterenol did not alter the fatty acid profile [25]. The pathogenetic relevance of AA is exemplified in patients with high risk for atherosclerosis on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis [28].…”

Section: Inflammation and Eicosanoidsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Risk Stratification by the ?EPA+DHA Level? and the ?EPA/AA Ratio?

Rupp

Wagner

Rupp

et al. 2004

Herz

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The identification of risks associated with sudden cardiac death requires further investigations. The question was addressed whether parameters can be established which not only describe an increased risk for an enhanced electrical instability of the heart but also of inflammatory events underlying plaque rupture. Emphasis is placed on dose-dependent effects of the long-chain omega-(omega-)3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Since free acids of EPA and DHA are required for most of their biological effects, it appears essential not only to build up stores in the body for release of these fatty acids, but also to provide a sustained uptake of EPA and DHA in the form of ethyl esters. In contrast to rapidly absorbed triacylglycerols from fish, ethyl esters are taken up more slowly within 24 h. For the administration of 1 g/day highly purified EPA+DHA ethyl esters (Omacor) to healthy volunteers, it is shown that EPA is increased from 0.6% to 1.4% within 10 days, while DHA is increased from 2.9% to 4.3%. After withdrawal, EPA and DHA approach baseline values within 10 days. A gas chromatographic procedure was established which requires only 10 microl of whole blood for the identification of more than 35 fatty acids. Evidence is summarized strengthening the concept that a low "EPA+DHA level" presents a risk for sudden cardiac death and that the administration of 840 mg/day of EPA+DHA ethyl esters raises the "EPA+DHA level" to approximately 6% that is associated with a marked protection from sudden cardiac death. For reducing pro-inflammatory eicosanoids and cytokines, a higher "EPA+DHA level" is required which can be achieved with an intake of 2-4 g/day of 84% EPA+DHA ethyl esters. For assessing influences from pro-inflammatory eicosanoids and cytokines, the EPA/arachidonic acid ratio ("EPA/AA ratio") was identified as diagnostic parameter. To assess the dietary EPA+DHA intake, fatty acids were determined in fish dishes of the cafeteria of the Philipps University Hospital Marburg, Germany. The EPA+DHA content of the popular Alaska Pollock was 125 +/- 70 mg/100 g. A once daily fish dish can thus not provide the 840 mg/day EPA+DHA administered in the GISSI Prevention Study in the form of ethyl ester which markedly reduced the risk of sudden cardiac death in postmyocardial infarction patients. Nonetheless, at least two preferably oily fish meals per week should be consumed as preventive measure by persons without coronary artery disease. With documented coronary heart disease, it was advised to consume approximately 1 g/day of EPA+DHA.

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Sympathoadrenergic overactivity and lipid metabolism

Cited by 18 publications

References 30 publications

Dysregulation of the Autonomic Nervous System Predicts the Development of the Metabolic Syndrome

Dysregulation of the Autonomic Nervous System Predicts the Development of the Metabolic Syndrome

Heart Rate Elevation Precedes the Development of Metabolic Syndrome in Japanese Men: A Prospective Study

Risk Stratification by the ?EPA+DHA Level? and the ?EPA/AA Ratio?

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