Sympathoadrenal Responses to Cold and Ketamine Anesthesia in the Rhesus Monkey

Influence of Ketamine on Catecholamine Secretion in the Perfused Rat Adrenal Medulla

“…In the present work, the in vitro concentrations of ketamine for inhibiting the effect of various secretagogues used in the rat perfused adrenal medulla are not much different from those attained in vivo in laboratory animals and humans (Dowdy & Kaya, 1968: Traber et al, 1968Goldberg et al, 1970: Yamanaka & Dowdy, 1974Schwartz & Horwitz et al, 1975;McGrath et al, l975;Diaz et al 1976;Kolka et al, 1983;Sumikawa et al, 1983;Purifoy & Holz, 1984;Takara et al, 1986).…”

“…The depressor effect has been ascribed to the direct action of ketamine on the heart (Dowdy & Kaya, 1968;Traber et al, 1968;Goldberg et al, 1970;Schwartz & Horwitz et al, 1975;Diaz et al 1976) and blood vessels (Yamanaka & Dowdy, 1974). Several reports showed that ketamine inhibited the CA secretion caused by acetylcholine receptor agonists from the isolated dog adrenals perfused with modified Locke's solution (Sumikawa et al, 1983), by nicotinic agonist at concentrations which did not alter secretion induced by elevated K ＋ depolarization from cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells (Purifoy & Holz, 1984), and by acute cold exposure anesthesia in adult rhesus monkeys (Kolka et al, 1983). Ketamine also inhibited carbachol-induced 45 Ca influx and CA secretion from cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells in a concentration-dependent manner (Takara et al, 1986).…”