Sympathetic Skin Nerve Discharges in Relation to Amplitude of Skin Resistance Responses

Lidberg, Lars; Wallin, B. Gunnar

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1981.tb03033.x

Cited by 112 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…An arousal or orienting response, such as the increase in skin SNA evoked by a loud noise, is transient (usually measured in seconds) and habituates with repeated presentations of the stimulus. 19,30,33,34 During handgrip, however, the increases in skin SNA were maintained for the entire duration of the exercise and became progressively larger, not smaller, over the 2 minutes of sustained handgrip. With repeated bouts of handgrip, this sympathetic response showed no evidence of habituation, but rather became progressively larger in magnitude.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulation of skin sympathetic nerve discharge by central command. Differential control of sympathetic outflow to skin and skeletal muscle during static exercise.

Vissing

Scherrer

Victor

1991

Circulation Research

152

136

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Microneurographic measurements of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) have suggested that, during static exercise, central command is much less important than skeletal muscle afferents in causing sympathetic neural activation. The possibility remains, however, that the sympathetic discharge produced by central commandis targeted mainly to tissues other than skeletal muscle. To examine this possibility, we recorded SNA with microelectrodes placed selectively in skin, as well as in muscle, nerve fascicles of the peroneal nerve during static handgrip maneuvers designed to separate the effects of central command from those of muscle afferents. To study the relative effects of cutaneous sympathetic activation on sudomotor versus vasomotor function, we simultaneously estimated changes in skin blood flow (laser Doppler velocimetry) and in sudomotor (electrodermal) activation in the region of skin innervated by the impaled nerve fascicle. Two minutes of static handgrip at 10%, 20%, and 30% of maximal voluntary contraction caused large and intensity-dependent increases in skin SNA. These increases in SNAimmediately preceded the onset of muscle tension, accelerated progressively during sustained handgrip, and resolved promptly with the cessation of motor effort. The handgrip-induced increases in skin SNA were not maintained when handgrip was followed by arrest of the forearm circulation, a maneuver that maintains the stimulation of chemically sensitive muscle afferents while eliminating theinfluences of central command and mechanically sensitive muscle afferents. During normothermia, static handgrip at 30% maximal voluntary contraction caused sustained increases in skin SNA (+400±83%, mean±SEM, p <0.05) and in electrodermal activity (+276±56%, p <0.05) but only transient increases in estimated skin vascular resistance (+ 11+2%, p<0.05). When skin temperature was increased or decreased to a new stable baseline level, subsequent increases in skin SNA during handgrip were accompanied by sustained but directionally opposite changes in estimated skin vascular resistance, with exercise-induced vasodilation during hyperthermia but exercise-induced vasoconstriction during hypothermia. From these observations, we conclude the following: 1) static exercise markedly increases sympathetic outflow to skin as well as to skeletal muscle; 2) the increases in skin SNA, unlike muscle SNA, appear to be caused mainly by central command rather than by muscle afferent reflexes; and 3) this cutaneous sympathetic activation appears to be targeted both to sweat glands and to vascular smooth muscle, with the relative targeting being temperature dependent. These findings provide neurophysiological evidencein humans to support the hypothesis that central command can be a potent stimulus to sympathetic outflow, and they emphasize the marked heterogeneity in the regulation of regional sympathetic discharge during exercise by central neural and peripheral reflex mechanisms. (Circulation Research 1991;69:228-238) A ctivation of the sympathetic ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulation of skin sympathetic nerve discharge by central command. Differential control of sympathetic outflow to skin and skeletal muscle during static exercise.

Vissing

Scherrer

Victor

1991

Circulation Research

152

136

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“…Decrease in skin resistance up to the moment of sweat reabsorption is a manifestation 8,9 measurable as a conductivity maximum (peak). Changes in electrical SC take place almost immediately in response to painful stimulus, in about 0.7 to 2 sec after impulse 11 . Measurement of electrical SC is an accepted method for assessing the new-born emotional state and is closely related to infant behaviour and crying 12 , which is reflected in the behavioural state of the infant according to Prechtl's method for the qualitative assessment of general movements (Prechtl's Scale) (ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin conductance as a marker of pain in infants of different gestational age

Macko¹,

Moravčíková²,

Kantor³

et al. 2014

BIOMED PAP

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Aims. To assess the use of skin conductance as an objective measure of pain in infants of different gestational age. A second aim was to investigate the relationship between skin conductivity and selected physiological and behavioural variables (oxygen saturation, heart rate and behavioural state). Methods. Infants were divided according to gestational age into the following 3 groups; group A: 25+0 -31+6 weeks (13 infants), group B: 32+0 -35+6 weeks (25 infants), group C: 36+0 -41+6 weeks (19 infants). The pain stimulus was blood sampling. Results. The most sensitive parameter for describing changes in skin conductance related to pain was peak per second. No other parameter correlated with the physiological variables chosen. The results showed that the inability to determine basal skin conductance is a crucial disadvantage to practical application. The lack of correlation between conductance parameters and gestational age is surprising. Conclusion. We conclude that the Peak per Second is the best parameter for evaluating skin conductance in infants and it is not influenced by gestational age. Peaks per Second correlate only with Prechtl's Scale of behavioural state and not with the physiological parameters chosen.

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“…On the one hand, the spontaneous skin conductance (SSC) is the result of an increasing activity in the sympathetic nervous system. It is reflected in the signal as a wave with a variable level of amplitude depending on the intensity and duration of the stimulus [11]. On the other hand, the basal skin conductance (BSC) is related both to the sympathetic nervous system and the dermal characteristics of skin [12].…”

Section: Electro-dermal Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

ARISTARKO: A Software Framework for Physiological Data Acquisition

Martínez-Rodrigo

Pastor

Zangróniz

et al. 2016

Ambient Intelligence- Software and Applications – 7th International Symposium on Ambient Intelligence (ISAmI 2016)

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This paper introduces a software framework denominated ARISTARKO. ARISTARKO has been designed and developed to integrate the data acquisition from a wearable physiological data acquisition device with any necessary processing layers in order to classify the acquired signals into a predefined set of emotional states. In this particular article, we use ARISTARKO for the sake of designing an experiment capable of showing a series of images from the well-known IAPS database. The IAPS pictures are labelled with arousal, valence and dominance values. Arousal is classified from the information contained in the database and the physiological signals acquired by the wearable, namely electro-dermal, electrocardiogram and superficial electromyogram activity, and skin temperature.

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Sympathetic Skin Nerve Discharges in Relation to Amplitude of Skin Resistance Responses

Cited by 112 publications

References 5 publications

Stimulation of skin sympathetic nerve discharge by central command. Differential control of sympathetic outflow to skin and skeletal muscle during static exercise.

Stimulation of skin sympathetic nerve discharge by central command. Differential control of sympathetic outflow to skin and skeletal muscle during static exercise.

Skin conductance as a marker of pain in infants of different gestational age

ARISTARKO: A Software Framework for Physiological Data Acquisition

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