Sympathetic nucleation of austenite in a Fe–22Cr–5Ni duplex stainless steel

Chen, C.Y.; Yen, Hung‐Wei; Yang, Jer−Ren

doi:10.1016/j.scriptamat.2006.12.021

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Note that for the nitride particle N 2 , there is no such relation (Color figure online). et al [29] who pointed out that after the initial nucleation events, the idiomorphic c 2 forms through sympathetic nucleation, i.e., nucleation on faces or edges of preexisting austenite idiomorphs. Indications of this can be seen in Figure 7.…”

Section: Intragranular Secondary Austenite Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Chromium Nitride and Intragranular Austenite in a Super Duplex Stainless Steel

Pettersson

Lindell

Lindberg

et al. 2019

Metall Mater Trans A

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Precipitation of chromium nitrides and formation of intragranular austenite were studied in detail for the super duplex stainless steel grade 2507 (UNS S32750). The situation of multipass welding was simulated by heat treatment at 1623 K (1350°C) and quenching followed by short heat treatments at 1173 K (900°C). The microstructural evolution was characterized using transmission and scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter, and transmission Kikuchi diffraction, and it was observed that the interior of the ferrite grains contained chromium nitrides after quenching. The nitrides were predominantly of CrN with a cubic halite-type structure and clusters of CrN-Cr 2 N where rod-shaped trigonal Cr 2 N particles had nucleated on plates of CrN. After heat treatment for 10 seconds at 1173 K (900°C), the nitride morphology was transformed into predominantly rod-shaped Cr 2 N, and finely dispersed intragranular secondary austenite idiomorphs had formed in the nitride-containing areas within the ferrite grains. After 60 seconds of heat treatment, both the Cr 2 N nitrides and the secondary austenite were coarsened. Analysis of electron diffraction data revealed an inherited crystallographic relationship between the metastable CrN and the intragranular austenite. The mechanism of chromium nitride formation and its relation to secondary austenite formation in duplex stainless steels are discussed.

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Section: Intragranular Secondary Austenite Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Chromium Nitride and Intragranular Austenite in a Super Duplex Stainless Steel

Pettersson

Lindell

Lindberg

et al. 2019

Metall Mater Trans A

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“…To ensure the same chirality, a 180 rotation normal to {110} b instead of reflection is applied here. The results in Table 2 are different from data in Table 3 of Chen et al (2007). In their data of variants, all four h 1 111i b including the opposite directions in the plane are combined with {110} b in a single orientation without using its reversed orientation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Since h01 1 1i f is a twofold axis, reversing the direction of {110} b will not generate a new variant. Hence, these combinations from Chen et al (2007) appear reasonable. However, in the OR expressions in Table 2 four h 1 111i b in a {110} b plane are associated with {110} b in two opposite directions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Caution regarding ambiguities in similar expressions of orientation relationships

Zhang

Dai

et al. 2016

J Appl Crystallogr

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The orientation relationship (OR) between two phases is an essential parameter to characterize microstructure in multiphase crystalline materials. Among the numerous ways to define an OR, the expression in terms of the parallelism between lattice planes and between directions from different phases, referred to as the {hkl}/⟨uvw⟩ expression, is the most commonly used. However, this expression scheme may be misleading because completely different ORs could be mistakenly regarded as equivalent ORs owing to the similarity of the expressions. In this article, the symmetries of the parallel elements were analyzed to clarify the conditions causing three cases. Namely, two similar expressions may describe two different ORs, two variants of a unique OR or exactly the same OR. This analysis helps not only to avoid ambiguities caused by the {hkl}/⟨uvw⟩ expression but also to specify how variants are defined with respect to a different matrix phase. Based on the result of the analysis, the expressions of variants for the Kurdjumow–Sachs and Nishiyama–Wassermann ORs between face‐centred cubic and body‐centred cubic systems for different matrix phases are provided. Examples are given together with stereographic projections to demonstrate different cases.

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“…They grew preferentially along crystallographic planes of ferritic matrix, in a form of parallel slats. In the ferrite grains ( Figure 6-b), different morphologies of austenite were found, including the nucleation of austenite by sympathetic mechanism 15,18 (Figure 6-c). Intragranular austenite precipitate in relatively low temperatures being favored by the nitrogen supersaturation into ferritic structure 3 .…”

Section: Effect Of Cooling Rate From a Completementioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Austenite Reformation Mechanisms as a Function of the Initial Ferritic State in a UNS S32304 Duplex Stainless Steel

et al. 2017

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Aiming to better understand the effects of heat treatment parameters on Ferrite-Austenite phase transformation in a 2304 duplex stainless steel different thermal cycles were applied to this steel in a quenching dilatometer. The obtained microstructures were characterized by optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction. It was noticed that the austenite formation mechanism is strongly dependent on initial ferritized state. If the initial structure is completely ferritized, the nitrogen supersaturated solid solution leads to chromium nitrides precipitation and the rate of austenite nucleation decreases. For higher cooling rates, the ferrite grain boundaries control the austenite nucleation rate. The higher the ferrite grain size, the lower the final austenite fraction. If the steel is cooled from a partial ferritized state, the ferrite-austenite phase boundaries work as austenite nucleation site and the austenite growth rate is favored due to the high interfacial energy and the austenitic structures becomes coarser.

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Sympathetic nucleation of austenite in a Fe–22Cr–5Ni duplex stainless steel

Cited by 22 publications

References 7 publications

Formation of Chromium Nitride and Intragranular Austenite in a Super Duplex Stainless Steel

Formation of Chromium Nitride and Intragranular Austenite in a Super Duplex Stainless Steel

Caution regarding ambiguities in similar expressions of orientation relationships

Characterization of the Austenite Reformation Mechanisms as a Function of the Initial Ferritic State in a UNS S32304 Duplex Stainless Steel

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