Sympathetic Neuronal Function and Left Ventricular Performance During Behavioral Stress in Humans: The Relationship between Plasma Catecholamines and Systolic Time Intervals

McCubbin, James A.; Richardson, James E.; Langer, Alan W.; Kizer, John S.; Obrist, Paul A.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1983.tb00910.x

Cited by 55 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Subjects with high blood pressure had significantly larger blood pressure responses and slower task performance than those with low blood pressure. This exaggerated blood pressure response to stress in subjects with high pressure is also a characteristic of offspring of hypertensive parents, 34 young adults with elevated plasma catecholamine levels, 5 and type A coronary prone persons. 20 Although this differential responsiveness was short lived (observed only during the first 3 min of task performance), the magnitude and duration of effect compares favorably with those reported in previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Endogenous opiate peptides, stress reactivity, and risk for hypertension.

McCubbin

Williams²

1985

Hypertension

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SUMMARY Endogenous opiate peptides can regulate neuroendocrine and circulatory responses to behavioral stress and may be important in the pathogenic effects of sympathoadrenal reactivity. We tested this hypothesis by examining the effect of the opiate antagonist naloxone on blood pressure responses to behavioral stress in young adults with high, medium, or low casual blood pressures. Naloxone increased mean arterial pressure responses to stress in subjects with low casual pressure, but had no significant effect on responses in subjects with high casual pressure. These results suggest opioidergic inhibition of sympathetic nervous system responses may be deficient in persons at risk for essential hypertension. The mechanism underlying sympathoadrenal hyperreactivity is unknown despite the potential importance of this issue to the etiology of essential hypertension. Opiate peptide systems have a close anatomical relationship to circulatory reflex pathways, and their role in blood pressure regulation has only recently been appreciated. For example, opioid cell bodies or receptors have been found in nucleus tractus solitarius, locus coeruleus, nucleus intermediolateralis, and other nuclei involved in central control of blood pressure. Additionally, these peptides are present in anterior and

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Endogenous opiate peptides, stress reactivity, and risk for hypertension.

McCubbin

Williams²

1985

Hypertension

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“…Hypertensive subjects exhibit higher levels of reactive (state) anxiety 27 ' n and greater endocrine 29 and psychophysiological 30 reactivity to stressful situations than do normotensive subjects. Highly educated persons may be less stressed by test material than less well educated subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Clinical significance of cognitive performance by hypertensive patients.

Elias¹,

Robbins²,

Schultz³

et al. 1987

Hypertension

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SUMMARY Fifty-four subjects with uncomplicated essential hypertension and 54 normotensive subjects were compared with regard to a widely employed clinical index of cognitive dysfunction (the Average Impairment Rating) calculated from neuropsychologkal tests that discriminate between brain-damaged and neurologically normal persons. Hypertensive subjects exhibited lower mean scores on this index when education was ignored, but results were not the same for highly educated and less well educated groups. There were no differences between exceptionally well educated hypertensive and normotensive subjects, but in the less well educated group, hypertensive subjects performed more poorly than normotensive subjects. The percentages of hypertensive and normotensive subjects scoring in a cognitively impaired range on the Average Impairment Rating were low and did not differ for either education group. These data 1) indicate the important role of subtle differences in education level with respect to positive or negative findings for studies comparing hypertensive and normotensive subjects and 2) illustrate the important role of clinical neuropsychological indices of cognitive dysfunction when one wishes to make meaningful inferences regarding cerebral cortical function in hypertensive subjects. (Hypertension 9: 192-197, 1987) KEY WORDS • hypertensionAverage Impairment Rating neuropsychology • education * cognitive function K VIEWS of the literature indicate lower levels of cognitive, perceptual, and psychomotor performance for hypertensive than for normotensive groups.1 " 3 This has been true for subjects defined as mildly hypertensive 4 or as uncomplicated, essential hypertensive 5 " 7 and has been observed for tests that can be particularly sensitive to brain impairment when proper controls and testing procedures are employed (i.e., clinical neuropsychological tests).

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“…The developmental etiology of hypertension is not fully understood, but the pathophysiological profile in the early stages of hypertension includes exaggerated responsivity of the sympathetic nervous system [13,14] and the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenocortical axis [15,16]. Interestingly, this profile closely resembles the systemic effects of sleep deprivation, yet the precise relationship between sleep loss and hypertension development remains to be fully explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%