Sympathetic Nervous System Activity in Adipose Tissues During Pregnancy and Lactation of the Rat

McNamara, J. P.; Murray, Cathy E.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(01)70169-5

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The changes in these hypothalamic neuropeptides would not only support the orexigenic drive necessary to meet the energy demands of milk production, but would also decrease energy expenditure through suppression of sympathetic tone. The changes in UCP expression that we observed here are consistent with the decrease in sympathetic tone that has been reported during lactation (30).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

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Inhibition of Uncoupling Protein Expression during Lactation: Role of Leptin

et al. 2004

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Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are mitochondrial proteins that play a role in regulation of energy expenditure by uncoupling respiration from ATP synthesis. Lactation is a physiological condition characterized by negative energy balance due to the loss of energy sources to the production of milk. The objective of the current study was to investigate whether UCP mRNA and protein expressions were altered during lactation compared with those after 48 h of fasting. Lactation significantly reduced serum leptin levels, and removal of pups for 48 h increased serum leptin to higher levels than those observed in control rats. Compared with control rats, mRNA expression of UCP1 and UCP3 in brown adipose tissue (BAT) was dramatically reduced during lactation and fasting. The reduction in mRNAs was reflected by a lowered UCP1 protein level, and to some extent, UCP3 protein. Treatment of lactating rats with exogenous leptin (3 mg/kg) or removal of pups for 48 h completely reversed the down-regulation of UCP1 and UCP3 mRNA expression in BAT, and pup removal led to a recovery of protein expression. In contrast to BAT, UCP3 expression in skeletal muscle was increased in fasted rats and decreased during lactation. Similar changes were observed in serum free fatty acid levels. These changes are consistent with the idea that the utilization of free fatty acids as a fuel source is spared during lactation. As in BAT, leptin treatment and removal of pups were able to restore changes in mRNA expression of UCP3 in skeletal muscle during lactation. The present results suggest that the inhibition of leptin secretion during lactation is involved in the down-regulation of UCP expression in BAT and skeletal muscle, which, in turn, is responsible for the decrease in metabolic fuel oxidation and thermogenesis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…The mechanism behind the changes in UCP1 and UCP3 could be due to many factors, including the decrease in sympathetic nervous system activity or hormonal changes associated with lactation, i.e. leptin, PRL, and oxytocin (8,9,30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Uncoupling Protein Expression during Lactation: Role of Leptin

et al. 2004

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“…it requires a much lower insulin concentration) [37]. Sympathetic nervous activity has been described to diminished in retroperitoneal and gonadal WAT with pregnancy [38], in order to save energy for foetal growth and maternal fat storage. Since α 2 -AR has a higher affinity for norepinephrine than β 3 -AR [31,39], in late pregnancy, with lower levels of β 3 -AR and norepinephrine, the decrease of α 2A -AR may be a feedback downregulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy Effects on Rat Adipose Tissue Lipolytic Capacity are Dependent on Anatomical Location

Pujol

Proenza²,

Lladó³

et al. 2005

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Pregnancy is characterized by changes in maternal adiposity. The aim of this study was to carry out a detailed analysis of the different steps of the adrenergic pathway, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) levels and adipocyte size, in order to evaluate the response of white adipose tissue (WAT) to the metabolic changes during pregnancy depending on the anatomical location. In general, the levels of the proteins of the lipolytic pathway decreased with pregnancy. In retroperitoneal WAT adenylate cyclase (AC) levels decreased from 100% in controls to 44% by day 13 and 11% by day 20. In mesenteric WAT the α _2A/β ₃-adrenergic receptor balance seemed to be one of the main regulatory points of the lipolytic pathway and the reduction in the postreceptor element levels was clearly lower than for the other two depots (PKA levels reduced from 100% in controls to 72% by day 20, while in the other two depots it decreased to 30%, and AC and HSL levels did not show statistically significant changes in this depot). In contrast, the LPL-to-HSL ratio may be a major regulatory point in gonadal WAT. In summary, we describe regional differences in the regulation of WAT metabolism throughout pregnancy, which may be of great importance to determine the role of the different fat depots during late pregnancy. Thus, gonadal and mesenteric WAT changed to a lipolytic state to sustain the rapid foetal growth, although with differences between them in the main regulatory points, while retroperitoneal WAT could have a role later on, during lactation.

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“…These results are in agreement with previous work by Sumner and McNamara [145] and Bionaz and Loor [16] which reported that adipose lipogenesis in cows during early lactation is primarily regulated through control of gene expression. Expression of key lipolytic enzyme genes (LIPE, PNPLA2, MGLL and ADRB2) followed a similar pattern early in lactation, indicating that the control of lipolysis in the adipose tissue is likely controlled by post-transcriptional events [75,104,153]. Post-transcriptional activation of HSL through simulation of the b-2-adrenergic receptor and the phosphorylation cascade has been shown to be the first step in the beginning of lipolysis and providing fatty acids to the mammary gland and other tissues [75,144].…”

Section: Genes and Key Pathways Regulating Lipid Metabolism In Adiposmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissues, Metabolic Pathways and Genes of Key Importance in Lactating Dairy Cattle

Nayeri

Stothard

2016

Springer Science Reviews

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Milk and dairy products are valuable sources of food for humans. Increased milk yield and changes in milk composition in dairy cows have been achieved through a variety of means including better nutrition, management and genetic selection. This selection can be performed without consideration of the specific genes and genetic variation involved. However, association analysis using dense SNP genotyping panels provides an approach for identifying genomic regions affecting milk production. Coupling physiological and metabolic information with association analysis results can provide greater insight into the specific genetic variants and molecular mechanisms affecting production traits as well as the potential effects of these variants on fertility in dairy cattle. To this end, this review highlights key tissues, metabolic pathways and genes of importance in lactating dairy cattle, particularly early in lactation. Physiological and metabolic adaptations in three key tissues (adipose, mammary gland and liver) are discussed, followed by the important endocrine adaptations during negative energy balance. Key genes mediating metabolic and endocrine adaptations are also highlighted. Finally, genes that account for variation in production traits are presented in relation to the tissues and processes described. Knowledge of the genes and pathways involved will be important for ongoing efforts aimed at finding other genes and variants that contribute to milk production and fertility traits. Also, a better understanding of the molecular basis of these traits may lead to more accurate genomic predictions.

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Sympathetic Nervous System Activity in Adipose Tissues During Pregnancy and Lactation of the Rat

Cited by 28 publications

References 10 publications

Inhibition of Uncoupling Protein Expression during Lactation: Role of Leptin

Inhibition of Uncoupling Protein Expression during Lactation: Role of Leptin

Pregnancy Effects on Rat Adipose Tissue Lipolytic Capacity are Dependent on Anatomical Location

Tissues, Metabolic Pathways and Genes of Key Importance in Lactating Dairy Cattle

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