Sympathetic nerve activity is decreased during device-guided slow breathing

Oneda, Bruna; Ortega, Kátia Coelho; Gusmão, Josiane Lima de; Araújo, Tatiana G.; Mion, Décio

doi:10.1038/hr.2010.74

Cited by 79 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…20 Slow breathing increases the oxygen absorption that follows greater tidal volume as a result there is reduction in the anatomical and physiological dead space. 21 This causes another positive effect that is reduction in the need of breathing thus decreasing respiratory rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of slow breathing training on heart rate, spontaneous respiratory rate and pattern of breathing

et al. 2016

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INTRODUCTIONBreathing process is the manner in which air is inspired or expired has great importance in maintaining health. Rhythmic breathing can be of major significance in determining one's physical and emotional state. Breathing often reflects our state of relaxation or excitation. When at rest, breathing is usually slow and rhythmic, and when tense, breathing may be erratic, or we may hold our breath. 2There are many pranayamic techniques described in the ancient literature which have an effect on cardiovascular system. Amongst these are alternate nostril breathing and diaphragmatic breathing. Also some rhythmic and ratio breathing pattern produces the same effect. There are different breathing techniques that essentially work on three main things: regulation of breath, control of vital force and channelization of the pranas in right direction. 3Control of prana is regulation of inhalation and exhalation. This is accomplished by eliminating the pause between inhalation and exhalation. Thus, by regulating the motion of the lungs, the heart and the vagus nerve are controlled. 4 It is known that regular practice of breathing exercises (pranayama) increases parasympathetic tone, decreases sympathetic activity, improves cardiovascular and respiratory functions, decreases the effect of stress and strain on the body and improves physical and mental ABSTRACT Background: The study was performed to see the effect of slow breathing (6 breaths/minute) training on spontaneous respiratory rate, heart rate and pattern of breathing. Methods: Sixty subjects between the ages 20-50 years were included in the study. After the rest of 10 -15 minutes in a comfortable sitting posture their baseline heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) and pattern of breathing were recorded on digital polygraph. Then they were guided to do slow breathing maintaining rate of around 6 per minute. Subjects were then instructed to do slow breathing exercise for 8-10 minutes twice daily for next three months. Subjects reported back after three months of practicing slow breathing and their HR, RR, and pattern of breathing were again assessed by digital polygraph. Results: After three months of practicing slow breathing there was statistically significant reduction in heart rate and spontaneous respiratory rate. Shifting of pattern of breathing from thoracic pattern to abdominal pattern of breathing was also very highly significant. Conclusions: The study showed that slow breathing technique causes comprehensive change in body physiology by controlling autonomic nervous system. It regularizes rate and pattern of breathing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of slow breathing training on heart rate, spontaneous respiratory rate and pattern of breathing

et al. 2016

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“…In a recent meta-analysis, transcendental meditation was reported to effectively lower blood pressure in patients with hypertension, whereas psychological approaches to stress management were deemed ineffective. 89 Intriguingly, the results of several studies indicate that device-guided, home-based training with slow, deep breathing can effectively reduce blood pressure in patients with hypertension, [90][91][92] although this has not been a universal finding. 93 These findings are particularly intriguing given the recent identification of an amplified bursting of SNA related to the respiratory cycle that appears to contribute to the progression and maintenance of hypertension in rats, 7 and the alterations in respiratory-sympathetic coupling recently reported in human hypertension.…”

Section: 65mentioning

confidence: 99%

The sympathetic nervous system and blood pressure in humans: implications for hypertension

2011

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A neurogenic component to primary hypertension (hypertension) is now well established. Along with raised vasomotor tone and increased cardiac output, the chronic activation of the sympathetic nervous system in hypertension has a diverse range of pathophysiological consequences independent of any increase in blood pressure. This review provides a perspective on the actions and interactions of angiotensin II, inflammation and vascular dysfunction/brain hypoperfusion in the pathogenesis and progression of neurogenic hypertension. The optimisation of current treatment strategies and the exciting recent developments in the therapeutic targeting of the sympathetic nervous system to control hypertension (for example, catheter-based renal denervation and carotid baroreceptor stimulation) will be outlined. Keywords: sympathetic nerve activity; neurogenic hypertension; immune-to-brain signalling The sympathetic renaissancePrimary (or essential) hypertension (termed hypertension from here on) accounts for the vast majority of hypertensive cases (B95%).1 Although the aetiology of this condition is incompletely understood, it appears that along with genetic factors, several environmental and behavioural 'hypertensiogenic' factors have been identified, such as obesity, insulin resistance, high-salt intake, low physical activity levels and stress.1 Given the elevated risk of stroke, renal failure, myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease in those afflicted with high blood pressure, the elucidation of the key pathogenic features and optimisation of effective therapeutic strategies are critical.The most common form of hypertension is neurogenic hypertension, defined as high blood pressure with sympathetic overdrive, loss of parasympathetically mediated cardiac variability and excessive angiotensin II (Ang II) activity.2 The importance of the sympathetic nervous system in the short-term regulation of blood pressure via the modulation of peripheral vascular tone and cardiac output is well established, while the role of the sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in long-term blood pressure control is more controversial. [3][4][5] Although the concept of a potential neurogenic component to hypertension is not new, 4 it has perhaps received less attention than the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which has been a prominent therapeutic and research target in hypertension over the past few decades. Nevertheless, the activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the RAS in hypertension appears inextricably, and reciprocally, linked. Evidence from studies in both patients and animal models of hypertension strongly implicate the chronic sympathetic neural activation in the aetiology and progression of hypertension (Figure 1). 2,[6][7][8][9] The use of regional surgical sympathectomy to treat hypertension over 50 years ago before the availability of antihypertensive medications that lower sympathetic activity provides an early indication of the clinical appreciation for a significant neurogenic component to hypertension.10 Recent clini...

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“…107 Paced breathing with prolonged breath cycles may favorably alter (ie, reduce) chemoreceptor sensitivity, thereby decreasing arterial baroreceptor inertia and sympathetic outflow. 108 Another possible mechanism involves the fact that augmentation of tidal volume activates the Hering-Breuer reflex mediated by pulmonary stretch receptors. 109 This reduces chemoreflex sensitivity, in turn upregulating baroreflex receptor sensitivity and thereby decreasing arterial BP.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Bp Loweringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Medications and Diet: Alternative Approaches to Lowering Blood Pressure

Brook¹,

Appel²,

Rubenfire³

et al. 2013

Hypertension

467

311

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Abstract-Many antihypertensive medications and lifestyle changes are proven to reduce blood pressure. Over the past few decades, numerous additional modalities have been evaluated in regard to their potential blood pressure-lowering abilities. However, these nondietary, nondrug treatments, collectively called alternative approaches, have generally undergone fewer and less rigorous trials. This American Heart Association scientific statement aims to summarize the blood pressure-lowering efficacy of several alternative approaches and to provide a class of recommendation for their implementation in clinical practice based on the available level of evidence from the published literature. The American Heart Association makes every effort to avoid any actual or potential conflicts of interest that may arise as a result of an outside relationship or a personal, professional, or business interest of a member of the writing panel. Specifically, all members of the writing group are required to complete and submit a Disclosure Questionnaire showing all such relationships that might be perceived as real or potential conflicts of interest. Expert peer review of AHA Scientific Statements is conducted by the AHA Office of Science Operations. For more on AHA statements and guidelines development, visit http://my.americanheart.org/statements and select the "Policies and Development" link.

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Sympathetic nerve activity is decreased during device-guided slow breathing

Cited by 79 publications

References 27 publications

Effect of slow breathing training on heart rate, spontaneous respiratory rate and pattern of breathing

Effect of slow breathing training on heart rate, spontaneous respiratory rate and pattern of breathing

The sympathetic nervous system and blood pressure in humans: implications for hypertension

Beyond Medications and Diet: Alternative Approaches to Lowering Blood Pressure

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