Sympathetic innervation of lymph nodes in mice

Felten, David L.; Livnat, Shmuel; Felten, Suzanne Y.; Carlson, Sonia L.; Bellinger, Denise L.; Yeh, Pamela W. L.

doi:10.1016/0361-9230(84)90230-2

Cited by 149 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The distribution of sympathetic nerves has been described in the lymph nodes from rats [7,100,[109][110][111][112][113], several strains of mice [5,110,111,113,114], cats, pigs and humans [110]; however, the origin of the NA nerves in lymph nodes is still unclear. It is presumed that their innervation is regionally supplied as lymph nodes are regional structures draining the areas with which they are associated.…”

Section: The Lymph Nodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in the rat when the superior cervical ganglia are removed, sympathetic nerves are lost in the cervical nodes [109]. NA nerves supplying the cervical, mesenteric and popliteal lymph nodes course along the vasculature that provides their blood supply [5,7,100,[109][110][111][112][113][114]. Sympathetic nerves enter lymph nodes along with blood vessels at the hilus, and continue into the subcapsular plexus or perivascular plexuses in the medullary cords.…”

Section: The Lymph Nodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sympathetic modulation of immunity: Relevance to disease

Bellinger

Millar

Perez

et al. 2008

Cellular Immunology

221

185

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Optimal host defense against pathogens requires cross-talk between the nervous and immune systems. This paper reviews sympathetic-immune interaction, one major communication pathway, and its importance for health and disease. Sympathetic innervation of primary and secondary immune organs is described, as well as evidence for neurotransmission with cells of the immune system as targets. Most research thus far as focused on neural-immune modulation in secondary lymphoid organs, and have revealed complex sympathetic modulation resulting in both potentiation and inhibition of immune functions. SNS-immune interaction may enhance immune readiness during disease-or injury-induced 'fight' responses. Research also indicate that dysregulation of the SNS can significantly affect the progression of immune-mediated diseases. However, a better understanding of neural-immune interactions is needed to develop strategies for treatment of immune-mediated diseases that are designed to return homeostasis and restore normal functioning neural-immune networks.

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Section: The Lymph Nodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Lymph Nodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sympathetic modulation of immunity: Relevance to disease

Bellinger

Millar

Perez

et al. 2008

Cellular Immunology

221

185

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“…One pathway by which Sociabilityrelated differences in ANS activity might impact immune system biology involves the innervation of lymphoid tissues by nerve fibers from the sympathetic nervous system (Felten, et al, 1987;Bellinger, et al, 2001;Nance and Sanders, 2007). Sympathetic nerve fibers innervate all primary and secondary lymphoid organs (Felten, et al, 1984;Felten, et al, 1985;Nance and Sanders, 2007), where they release the catecholamine neurotransmitter norepinephrine from varicosities situated periodically over the length of the fiber (Bellinger, et al, 2001). Catecholaminergic innervation of lymphoid tissue can regulate a wide variety of immunologic processes (Madden, et al, 1994;Carlson, et al, 1997;Kohm and Sanders, 1999;Sanders and Straub, 2002;Nance and Sanders, 2007) and are implicated in the pathophysiology of lymphotropic viral infections (Sloan, et al, 2006;Sloan, et al, 2007b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social temperament and lymph node innervation

Sloan¹,

Capitanio

Tarara³

et al. 2008

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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Socially inhibited individuals show increased vulnerability to viral infections, and this has been linked to increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). To determine whether structural alterations in SNS innervation of lymphoid tissue might contribute to these effects, we assayed the density of catecholaminergic nerve fibers in 13 lymph nodes from 7 healthy adult rhesus macaques that showed stable individual differences in propensity to socially affiliate (Sociability). Tissues from Low Sociable animals showed a 2.8-fold greater density of catecholaminergic innervation relative to tissues from High Sociable animals, and this was associated with a 2.3-fold greater expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA, suggesting a molecular mechanism for observed differences. Low Sociable animals also showed alterations in lymph node expression of the immunoregulatory cytokine genes IFNG and IL4, and lower secondary IgG responses to tetanus vaccination. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that structural differences in lymphoid tissue innervation might potentially contribute to relationships between social temperament and immunobiology.

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“…The innervation of lymph nodes has been subject of a number of studies during recent years (Felten et al 1984(Felten et al , 1985(Felten et al , 1988Novotny & Kliche, 1986 ;Kliche & Novotny, 1987 ;Fink & Weihe, 1988 ;Novotny, 1988 ;Felten & Felten, 1991 ;Novotny et al 1993. The studies published by Felten and his coworkers seem to assume that all lymph nodes are similarly innervated.…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional differences in innervation of lymph nodes in the Wistar rat

Novotny

2001

Journal of Anatomy

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Previous light microscopic investigations have indicated that, in the rat, the innervation of mesenteric lymph nodes may be less dense than that of axillary nodes. However, nerves of the enteric system are difficult to visualise by light microscopy. Therefore we quantified the density of innervation of axillary and mesenteric lymph nodes at the ultrastructural level. The results show a highly significant difference in the density of innervation between these 2 groups of lymph nodes, but morphologically the type of the innervation does not seem to differ. In previous studies, nerves were found predominantly in regions characterised by aggregations of plasma cells. In view of this association, we suggest that the difference in innervation may reflect the migration of plasma cells out of mesenteric nodes and into the mucosa of the gut wall. By contrast, in peripherally located nodes, plasma cells tend to remain within the lymph nodes, and hence the density of innervation of these nodes is greater.

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Sympathetic innervation of lymph nodes in mice

Cited by 149 publications

References 27 publications

Sympathetic modulation of immunity: Relevance to disease

Sympathetic modulation of immunity: Relevance to disease

Social temperament and lymph node innervation

Regional differences in innervation of lymph nodes in the Wistar rat

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