Sympathetic influence on lung compliance and surface forces in head injury.

Beckman, David L.; Bean, James C.; Baslock, Donald R.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1971.30.3.394

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…The data seem, therefore, to suggest that these alterations in lung compliance cannot be attributed to simply a systemic hemodynamic influence. The results of our present experi ments using in vivo procedures are in complete accord with our previous findings of decreases in compliance in the excised lungs of both rats [3,7] and monkeys [8,9] and the finding that these effects are blocked by various sympatholytic agents [3,9],…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The results of previous experiments on head injury have suggested an alteration in the lung surface tension as determined by air and saline pressurevolume curves and also by surface balance measurements [8,9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These showed that the compliance decrease which attended gross lung changes and increases in lung weight/body weight ratios which result from head injury in rats were prevented by the sympathetic blocking effects of Dibenzyline. The compliance changes in monkeys were similarly prevented by Di benzyline [8,9] further suggesting a sympathetic influence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In rats these lung changes can be prevented or ameliorated by prior treatment with sympatholytic, anti-epinephrine or general anesthetic agents [3], suggestive of a sympathetic role in the develop ment of this lung damage. It has been demonstrated that there is a decrease in pulmonary compliance in such head injury, and that this too is counteracted by prior administration of sympatholytic agents [3,9], Similar gross lung changes commonly found after exposure of rats to hyperbaric oxygen with resultant epileptiform convulsions were also ameliorated by pretreatment with various sympatholytic and anti-epinephrine agents [1, 2, 4, 15]. Lethal head injury in the squirrel monkey resulted in compliance decreases, as determined on excised lungs in the absence of any attendant gross lung pathology [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been demonstrated that there is a decrease in pulmonary compliance in such head injury, and that this too is counteracted by prior administration of sympatholytic agents [3,9], Similar gross lung changes commonly found after exposure of rats to hyperbaric oxygen with resultant epileptiform convulsions were also ameliorated by pretreatment with various sympatholytic and anti-epinephrine agents [1, 2, 4, 15]. Lethal head injury in the squirrel monkey resulted in compliance decreases, as determined on excised lungs in the absence of any attendant gross lung pathology [8,9]. The studies reported herein were performed to determine what effects lethal or 'sub-lethal' mechanical head injury in the monkey might have on lung compliance as measured in vivo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Head Injury and Lung Compliance

Beckman¹,

Bean²,

Baslock³

1974

J Med Primatol

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The present experiments were carried out in order to evaluate the influence of head injury on lung compliance as determined by in vivo methods. Lethal or ‘sub-lethal’ head injury in monkeys did not alter gross lung appearance but caused a 36-percent in vivo compliance decrease. This compliance decrease was not ameliorated with isoproterenol which tends to eliminate airway smooth muscle involvement. Systemic hemodynamic causal factors were reasonably ruled out in at least three animals by maintenance of constant aortic and central vena cavai pressures.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Head Injury and Lung Compliance

Beckman¹,

Bean²,

Baslock³

1974

J Med Primatol

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The maturation of the rabbit fetal lung following maternal administration of pilocarpine

1979

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Pilocarpine HC1, a parasympathomimetic drug, was administered to pregnant white rabbits in a daily subcutaneous injection of 5 mg/kg on days 24 through 27 of gestation. Fetuses from these animals and from salineinjected controls were obtained by caesarean section a t day 28 of gestation. Light microscopic examination revealed thinner alveolar septa in the lungs of pilocarpine-treated fetuses and, morphometrically, a significant increase in the number of mature type I1 cells, both per unit area and per 1,000 lung cells of any kind. Examination by electron microscopy revealed that the alveolar epithelium of pilocarpine-treated fetuses demonstrated morphologic correlates of increased maturation. These included thinning of type I cells to form blood-air barriers and substantial reductions in the glycogen content of both epithelial cell types. Type I1 cells of pilocarpine-treated fetuses contained (as indicated by morphometric analysis) more and larger lamellar inclusion bodies, as well as more multivesicular bodies than those of controls. Biochemical determination indicated that the glycogen content of fetal lung, but not liver, was reduced significantly in the pilocarpine-treated group. The findings of this study indicate that maternal administration of pilocarpine results in increased maturation of the fetal alveolar epithelium, thus providing a basis for the autonomic manipulation of fetal lung maturation.It is well established that immaturity of the lung is the primary etiologic factor predisposing to.the development of the respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn, the primary cause of death in premature infants (Gluck and Kulovich, '73). The overall maturity of the fetal lung has been found to depend to a great extent on the maturity of the type I1 epithelial cells of the alveolus. These cells are the recognized source of lung surfactant, a surface tension lowering substance, rich in dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, which lines the alveolar space (for review see Farrell and Avery, '75).The type I1 cells contain characteristic lamellar inclusion bodies, the intracellular storage form of surfactant, as well as other secretory elements including rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and multivesicular bodies, the presumed precursors of lamellar inclusion bodies. (Olsen, '72) and an acceleration of lecithin turn-over (Morgan and Morgan, '73). In addition, Massaro ('75) found that pilocarpine stimulated the release of protein into the surface-active fraction of rabbit lungs.There is little information available concerning the effects of pilocarpine on the surfactant system of fetal animals. However, physiologic evidence has indicated that pilocarpine does lower the surface tension in lungs of fetal rabbits, presumably by increasing the secretion of surfactant (Corbet et al., '76). In addition, recent studies have indicated that pilocarpine stimulates surfactant release from fetal rat lung in culture (Pysher et al., '77). The present study was designed to investigate the reactions of the deve...

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Innervation of rabbit fetal lungs

Hung

1980

Am. J. Anat.

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Nerve fibers, autonomic ganglia, and neuroepithelial bodies of the lungs of rabbit fetuses, 17 to 31 days gestational age, were studied with neurohistological techniques including silver impregnation, acetylcholinesterase histochemistry, and glyoxylic-acid-induced histofluorescence for monoamines. The silver impregnation method showed that nerve fibers and ganglia accompanied the bronchi and large pulmonary blood vessels to enter the developing lungs by the 17th day of gestation. Cholinergic and adrenergic nerves began to appear in the walls of the bronchi on the 21st day. The developing pulmonary arteries had accompanying adrenergic nerves on the 25th day. Acetylcholinesterase-positive parasympathetic ganglia were seen on the 27th day. Silver-impregnated nerve fibers in the developing alveolar walls and pleura were found on the 25th day. Neuroepithelial bodies and specialized single cells which were argyrophilic, acetylcholinesterase-positive, and fluorescent could be demonstrated in 19--21-day-old and older fetuses; and some of these structures were innervated by sensory and autonomic motor fibers. These observations indicated that nervous tissue and neuroepithelial bodies appeared in the lungs during the glandular stage of the lung development and that differentiation of adrenergic and cholinergic nerves began in the late glandular stage.

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Sympathetic influence on lung compliance and surface forces in head injury.

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Head Injury and Lung Compliance

Head Injury and Lung Compliance

The maturation of the rabbit fetal lung following maternal administration of pilocarpine

Innervation of rabbit fetal lungs

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