Sympathetic activity and hypothalamo-pituitary–adrenal axis activity during sleep in post-traumatic stress disorder: A study assessing polysomnography with simultaneous blood sampling

Liempt, Saskia van; Arends, Johan; Cluitmans, P.J.M.; Westenberg, H.G.M.; Kahn, René S.; Vermetten, Eric

doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.05.015

Cited by 92 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Similarly, van Liempt et al [85] found that PTSD patients exhibited increased ACTH levels and heart rate during sleep compared to healthy controls, and the ACTH increases correlated with increases in nighttime awakenings. Both ACTH and cortisol levels were inversely related to time spent in slow wave sleep measured by objective polysomnography.…”

Section: Posttraumatic Hyperarousal and Sleep Measuresmentioning

confidence: 87%

Trauma-induced insomnia: A novel model for trauma and sleep research

Sinha

2016

Sleep Medicine Reviews

111

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Section: Posttraumatic Hyperarousal and Sleep Measuresmentioning

confidence: 87%

Trauma-induced insomnia: A novel model for trauma and sleep research

Sinha

2016

Sleep Medicine Reviews

111

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“…PTSD is characterized by tremor and other symptoms of autonomic arousal. PTSD patients exhibit cardiovascular sympathetic activation with significantly higher heart rates and blood pressure levels relative to controls, even during sleep, with lower respiratory sinus arrhythmia [69,70]. Corrected for age, PTSD patients, relative to non-trauma-exposed controls, have a high prevalence of lower heart rate variability, consistent with increased sympathetic and attenuated parasympathetic tone at baseline and throughout different affective conditions [71,72,73].…”

Section: Ptsd-related Risk Factors For Cardiometabolic Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is fragmentation of rapid eye movement sleep in developing and chronic PTSD and reduced deep slow wave sleep in chronic PTSD [106]. van Liempt et al [70] and Germain [107] have published extensively on sleep disturbances and PTSD.…”

Section: Ptsd-related Risk Factors For Cardiometabolic Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Cardiometabolic Disease

Levine¹,

Levine

Levine³

2013

Cardiology

132

118

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The need for addressing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among combat veterans returning from Afghanistan and Iraq is a growing public health concern. Current PTSD management addresses psychiatric parameters of this condition. However, PTSD is not simply a psychiatric disorder. Traumatic stress increases the risk for inflammation-related somatic diseases and early mortality. The metabolic syndrome reflects the increased health risk associated with combat stress and PTSD. Obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease are prevalent among PTSD patients. However, there has been little appreciation for the need to address these somatic PTSD comorbidities. Medical professionals treating this vulnerable population should screen patients for cardiometabolic risk factors and avail themselves of existing preventive diet, exercise, and pharmacologic modalities that will reduce such risk factors and improve overall long-term health outcomes and quality of life. There is the promise that cardiometabolic preventive therapy complementing psychiatric intervention may, in turn, help improve the posttraumatic stress system dysregulation and favorably impact psychiatric and neurologic function.

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“…② Stimulate glomerular zone of adrenal cortex secreting aldosterone, which can cause water and sodium retention that will lead BP to increase (Yao, 2010a, 2010b). ③ Influence neurohormone secretion to activate the sympathetic nervous system in kidney, then increase renin secretion and enhance reabsorption of sodium in renal tubular, leading to a rise in BP (Han, Kim, & Shim, 2012;Van Liempt et al, 2013). ④ Enhance the activity of sympathetic nervous system and adrenal medullary, rising epinephrine and norepinephrine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%