Symmetrical interaction of sex and expression in face classification tasks

Aguado, Luis; Garcı́a-Gutiérrez, Ana; Serrano‐Pedraza, Ignacio

doi:10.3758/app.71.1.9

Cited by 45 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…One possible reason for this discrepancy might be due to the fact that we used faces showing happy or angry expressions, instead of non-expressive faces. Previous studies that have shown an interaction between expression and gender in face classification tasks indicate that the expression shown by the face can influence speed and accuracy of gender identification (Aguado et al, 2009). It might well be that the effects of SF content on gender classification are also different for expressive and neutral faces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Effects of Spatial Frequency Content on Classification of Face Gender and Expression

et al. 2010

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525The role of different spatial frequency bands on face gender and expression categorization was studied in three experiments. Accuracy and reaction time were measured for unfiltered, low-pass (cut-off frequency of 1 cycle/deg) and high-pass (cutoff frequency of 3 cycles/deg) filtered faces. Filtered and unfiltered faces were equated in root-mean-squared contrast. For low-pass filtered faces reaction times were higher than unfiltered and high-pass filtered faces in both categorization tasks. In the expression task, these results were obtained with expressive faces presented in isolation (Experiment 1) and also with neutral-expressive dynamic sequences where each expressive face was preceded by a briefly presented neutral version of the same face (Experiment 2). For high-pass filtered faces different effects were observed on gender and expression categorization. While both speed and accuracy of gender categorization were reduced comparing to unfiltered faces, the efficiency of expression classification remained similar. Finally, we found no differences between expressive and non expressive faces in the effects of spatial frequency filtering on gender categorization (Experiment 3). These results show a common role of information from the high spatial frequency band in the categorization of face gender and expression. Keywords: facial expression, emotional expression, spatial frequency, face gender.En tres experimentos se estudió el papel de diferentes bandas de frecuencias espaciales sobre la categorización del género y la expresión de las caras. Se tomaron medidas de precisión y tiempo de reacción a caras no filtradas y a caras filtradas a paso bajo (frecuencia de corte de 1 ciclo/grado) y a paso alto (frecuencia de corte de 3 ciclos/grado). Todas las caras fueron igualadas en energía de contraste. En ambas tareas, los tiempos de reacción a las caras filtradas a paso bajo fueron superiores a los de las caras filtradas a paso alto y no filtradas. En la tarea de expresión, se obtuvo este resultado tanto con caras expresivas presentadas por separado (Experimento 1) como con secuencias dinámicas en las que cada cara expresiva era precedida de una versión neutra de la misma cara presentada brevemente (Experimento 2). En el caso de las caras filtradas a paso alto se observaron efectos diferentes sobre la categorización de género y de expresión. Aunque tanto la rapidez como la precisión de la categorización de género se redujeron en esta condición, la eficiencia de la clasificación de la expresión quedó inalterada. Por último, no se encontraron diferencias entre caras expresivas y no expresivas en cuanto a los efectos de las distintas frecuencias espaciales sobre la categorización del género. Estos resultados muestran que la banda de altas frecuencias espaciales desempeña un papel importante en la categorización del género y la expresión de las caras.Palabras clave: expresion facial, expresion emocional, frecuencia espacial, genero de las caras.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Of this face set, 29 stimuli had been used in previous experiments on the interaction of gender and expression in face classification (see Aguado et al, 2009). There were 16 faces of males and 16 of females.…”

Section: Apparatus and Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Spatial Frequency Content on Classification of Face Gender and Expression

et al. 2010

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“…Given that these facial cues are simultaneously present on the face, a growing literature has begun to investigate how these cues interact (Freeman & Ambady, 2011;Quinn & Macrae, 2011 for reviews). Of relevance to the current investigation is the finding that facial cues indicating a person's sex and race can influence perception of emotional expressions (Aguado, García-Gutierrez, & Serrano-Pedraza, 2009, Craig, Koch, & Lipp, 2017Craig, Lipp, & Mallan, 2014;Craig, Mallan, & Lipp, 2012;Hugenberg, 2005;Hugenberg & Sczesny, 2006;Lipp, Karnadewi, Craig, & Cronin, 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

Facial race and sex cues have a comparable influence on emotion recognition in Chinese and Australian participants

Craig

Lipp

2017

Atten Percept Psychophys

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The magnitude of the happy categorisation advantage, the faster recognition of happiness than negative expressions, is influenced by facial race and sex cues. Previous studies have investigated these relationships using racial outgroups stereotypically associated with physical threat in predominantly Caucasian samples. To determine whether these influences generalise to stimuli representing other ethnic groups and to participants of different ethnicities, Caucasian Australian (Experiments 1 and 2) and Chinese participants (Experiment 2) categorised happy and angry expressions displayed on own-race male faces presented with emotional other-race male, own-race female, and other-race female faces in separate tasks. The influence of social category cues on the happy categorisation advantage was similar in the Australian and Chinese samples. In both samples, the happy categorisation advantage was present for own-race male faces when they were encountered with other-race male faces but reduced when own-race male faces were categorised along with female faces. The happy categorisation advantage was present for own-race and other-race female faces when they were encountered with own-race male faces in both samples. Results suggest similarity in the influence of social category cues on emotion categorisation.

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“…The teeth of the happy pictures will be blurred by using a 10-pixel Gaussian filter. To avoid differences on energy or luminance all the pictures on both tasks, we will equate the contrast energy for assessment and training [86, 89]. Furthermore, a gamma correction will be applied to the 24” BENQ LCD monitor where the stimuli will be displayed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional bias modification in depression through gaze contingencies and regulatory control using a new eye-tracking intervention paradigm: study protocol for a placebo-controlled trial

et al. 2016

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BackgroundAttentional biases, namely difficulties both to disengage attention from negative information and to maintain it on positive information, play an important role in the onset and maintenance of the disorder. Recently, researchers have developed specific attentional bias modification (ABM) techniques aimed to modify these maladaptive attentional patterns. However, the application of current ABM procedures has yielded, so far, scarce results in depression due, in part, to some methodological shortcomings.The aim of our protocol is the application of a new ABM technique, based on eye-tracker technology, designed to objectively train the specific attentional components involved in depression and, eventually, to reduce depressive symptoms.MethodsBased on sample size calculations, 32 dysphoric (BDI ≥13) participants will be allocated to either an active attentional bias training group or a yoked-control group. Attentional training will be individually administered on two sessions in two consecutive days at the lab. In the training task series of pairs of faces (i.e. neutral vs. sad; neutral vs. happy; happy vs. sad) will be displayed. Participants in the training group will be asked to localize as quickly as possible the most positive face of the pair (e.g., the neutral face in neutral vs. sad trials) and maintain their gaze on it for 750 ms or 1500 ms, in two different blocks, to advance to the next trial. Participants’ maintenance of gaze will be measured by an eye-tracking apparatus. Participants in the yoked-control group will be exposed to the same stimuli and the same average amount of time than the experimental participants but without any instruction to maintain their gaze or any feedback on their performance. Pre and post training measures will be obtained to assess cognitive and emotional changes after the training.DiscussionThe findings from this research will provide a proof-of-principle of the efficacy of eye-tracking paradigms to modify attentional biases and, consequently, to improve depressed mood. If the findings are positive, this new training approach may result in the improvement of cognitive bias modification procedures in depression.Trial registrationThis trial was retrospectively registered on July 28, 2016 with the ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02847793 registration number and the title ‘Attentional Bias Modification Through Eye-tracker Methodology (ABMET)’.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12888-016-1150-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Symmetrical interaction of sex and expression in face classification tasks

Cited by 45 publications

References 63 publications

Effects of Spatial Frequency Content on Classification of Face Gender and Expression

Effects of Spatial Frequency Content on Classification of Face Gender and Expression

Facial race and sex cues have a comparable influence on emotion recognition in Chinese and Australian participants

Attentional bias modification in depression through gaze contingencies and regulatory control using a new eye-tracking intervention paradigm: study protocol for a placebo-controlled trial

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