Symbolic efficiency in ultra marathons: the Ultra Sierra Nevada and 101 km in 24 h cases

Abstract

Nowadays the high physical and psychological demands of ultra marathons have not prevented this type of races from becoming popular and an important way to demonstrate authenticity in personal work. Through the ethnographic work, the historical review and practical experience in two competitions, such as the Ultra Sierra Nevada of Granada and 101 km. In 24 h. of Ronda, we show significant evidence to understand how and to what extent, through the symbolic burden they have, both contribute to the formation of one self for those who organice and participate in them. The overcoming of personal challenges, the popularization of heroism, the formation of a collective identity, the consideration of the sacred and the claim or projection of an ideology with military values are interpreted as the main results obtained.