Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation: Recent Genetic Advances

Vance, Carroll P.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-092616-2.50008-5

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 167 publications

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“…To maximize biologically-fixed N by symbiosis, attention must be paid to the plantrelated aspects of the symbiotic process in plant breeding programs (Vance, 1990). This legume-Rhizobium:Bradyrhizobium symbiosis is the most significant source of N for agriculture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypic differences in nitrogen assimilation in Vicia faba: Effect of nitrate

1993

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Five inbred lines and a commercial cultivar of field-bean (Vicia faba) were inoculated with a strain of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae and grown, with or without nitrate, under axenic conditions in a growth chamber. There were significant (p < 0.01) differences between lines in N yield, both in N-free solution (N 2 fixed, fully symbiotic) and with added NO 3. Increase in the N yield of NO3-fed plants compared with fully symbiotic plants also varied between genotypes, with line VF109 being the least responsive to NO 3. This may indicate nitrate tolerance in relation to N 2 fixation. The indication was supported by the observations that nodule development and nodule activity (acetylene reduction) were less inhibited in VF109 in the presence of 8 mM NO 3 than in the other lines of Vicia faba. Glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activities appeared to be related to genotypic differences in symbiotic efficiency. This finding suggests that assays of nodule glutamine synthetase and NADHglutamate synthase might be used in Vicia faba breeding programs to indicate capacity for symbiotic N 2 fixation, particularly in the presence of NO3.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypic differences in nitrogen assimilation in Vicia faba: Effect of nitrate

1993

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“…Similarly, it is well established that many symbiotic associations between legumes and rhizobia are characterized by high NR activity (Cheniae and Evans, 1960;Luciń ski et al, 2002), and it was asked whether and how nodule NR activity could be involved in functioning nodules (Luciń ski et al, 2002;Kato et al, 2010). Considering that the main route for nitrogen reduction in nodules is the bacteroid nitrogenase and not the NR-NiR pathway (Vance, 1990), an important function of the plant NR in the nodule could be the reduction of NO 3 2 into NO 2 2 in the cytosol to supply mitochondria and COX with NO 2…”

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confidence: 99%

Both Plant and Bacterial Nitrate Reductases Contribute to Nitric Oxide Production in Medicago truncatula Nitrogen-Fixing Nodules

et al. 2010

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Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling and defense molecule of major importance in living organisms. In the model legume Medicago truncatula, NO production has been detected in the nitrogen fixation zone of the nodule, but the systems responsible for its synthesis are yet unknown and its role in symbiosis is far from being elucidated. In this work, using pharmacological and genetic approaches, we explored the enzymatic source of NO production in M. truncatula-Sinorhizobium meliloti nodules under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. When transferred from normoxia to hypoxia, nodule NO production was rapidly increased, indicating that NO production capacity is present in functioning nodules and may be promptly up-regulated in response to decreased oxygen availability. Contrary to roots and leaves, nodule NO production was stimulated by nitrate and nitrite and inhibited by tungstate, a nitrate reductase inhibitor. Nodules obtained with either plant nitrate reductase RNA interference double knockdown (MtNR1/2) or bacterial nitrate reductase-deficient (napA) and nitrite reductase-deficient (nirK) mutants, or both, exhibited reduced nitrate or nitrite reductase activities and NO production levels. Moreover, NO production in nodules was found to be inhibited by electron transfer chain inhibitors, and nodule energy state (ATP-ADP ratio) was significantly reduced when nodules were incubated in the presence of tungstate. Our data indicate that both plant and bacterial nitrate reductase and electron transfer chains are involved in NO synthesis. We propose the existence of a nitrate-NO respiration process in nodules that could play a role in the maintenance of the energy status required for nitrogen fixation under oxygen-limiting conditions.

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“…Similarly, disturbances of trophic balance in field bean, induced by decapitation (Filek et al 1996) and the change of pod location on shoots (Filek et al 1995), influence the setting of root nodules, their growth and ageing. It is estimated that reduction of N 2 molecules in the form of ammonium ions requires the use of at least 16 molecules of ATP (Vance 1990, Smith and Gallon 1993). It is assumed that photosynthetic apparatus activity plays a significant role in this process, the more so as field bean is considered to be extremely photophillic (Sprent et al 1977, Filek 1984, Xia 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Seed Vernalization and Irradiation on Growth and Photosynthesis of Field Bean Plants (Vicia faba L. minor) and on Nitrogenase Activity of Root Nodules

Filek

Kościelniak

Grzesiak

2000

J Agronomy Crop Science

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The effect of seed vernalization (2–3°C; 36 days) and irradiation intensity during vegetation of field bean upon growth and maximum leaf photosynthesis (Pmax) as well as specific (SNA) and total nitrogenase activity (TNA) of root nodules was investigated. The measurements were performed at the initial stage of pod development of varieties with undetermined (cv. Nadwiśański) and determined (cv. Tibo) growth habit. In comparison with plants in shading, those which grew in full irradiation produced larger leaf area and more dry weight, achieving higher Pmax values. Stimulation of leaf area enlargement and dry weight increase, especially in respect to the dry weight of underground parts had a positive and significant effect upon TNA value. Accumulation of dry weight was higher in vernalized than non‐vernalized plants, but only in the case of cv. Nadwiślański, in full irradiation conditions. In the case of plants grown in poorer irradiation conditions TNA values were about 68 % (cv. Nadwiślański) and 54 % (cv. Tibo) lower, due to significant limitation of root nodules. TNA value of vernalized cv. Nadwiślański plants was 66 % higher in comparison with non‐vernalized plants. However, the effect was visible only in full irradiation conditions, due to simultaneous greater intensity of root nodules production and higher SNA value. A positive effect of vernalization could also be observed in the decrease of a negative correlation between dry weight of root nodules and SNA in both varieties.

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Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation: Recent Genetic Advances

Cited by 16 publications

References 167 publications

Genotypic differences in nitrogen assimilation in Vicia faba: Effect of nitrate

Genotypic differences in nitrogen assimilation in Vicia faba: Effect of nitrate

Both Plant and Bacterial Nitrate Reductases Contribute to Nitric Oxide Production in Medicago truncatula Nitrogen-Fixing Nodules

The Effect of Seed Vernalization and Irradiation on Growth and Photosynthesis of Field Bean Plants (Vicia faba L. minor) and on Nitrogenase Activity of Root Nodules

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