Symbiotic lactobacilli stimulate gut epithelial proliferation<i>via</i>Nox-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species

Jones, Rheinallt; Luo, Liping; Ardita, Courtney; Richardson, Arena N.; Kwon, Young Man; Mercante, Jeffrey W.; Alam, Ashfaqul; Gates, Cymone; Wu, Huixia; Swanson, Phillip A.; Lambeth, J. David; Denning, Patricia W.; Neish, Andrew S.

doi:10.1038/emboj.2013.224

Cited by 324 publications

(332 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The lactic acid produced might help lower the pH and inhibit amino acid degradation in the colon 24,39 . Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium have been found to stimulate NADPH oxidase 1-dependent ROS generation and intestinal stem cell proliferation 47 , and lactate was reported to accelerate colon epithelial cell turnover in starvation-refed mice 48 . Thus, advanced colorectal adenoma or carcinoma patients appear to be deficient in lactic acid-producing commensals such as Bifidobacterium that could promote daily renewal of the colon epithelium and inhibit potential pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiome development along the colorectal adenoma–carcinoma sequence

et al. 2015

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiome development along the colorectal adenoma–carcinoma sequence

et al. 2015

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“…Multiple studies have shown that the microbiome in Drosophila and other animals, including mammals, is variable. Processes contributing to this variation include stochastic variation, such that each individual host samples only a subset of the total compatible microorganisms (43), positive and antagonistic interactions among microbial taxa that may be mediated directly (e.g., metabolic cross-feeding, toxin production) and indirectly via the host immune system (11,(50)(51)(52)(53)(54), and environmental factors, including diet (9,14,(55)(56)(57)(58)(59)(60). Other studies are revealing significant associations of certain microbial taxa in the mammalian gut microbiota with both host genotype (10,(61)(62)(63) and host phylogeny (64,65).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host Genetic Control of the Microbiota Mediates the Drosophila Nutritional Phenotype

Chaston

Dobson

Newell

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

121

131

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A wealth of studies has demonstrated that resident microorganisms (microbiota) influence the pattern of nutrient allocation to animal protein and energy stores, but it is unclear how the effects of the microbiota interact with other determinants of animal nutrition, including animal genetic factors and diet. Here, we demonstrate that members of the gut microbiota in Drosophila melanogaster mediate the effect of certain animal genetic determinants on an important nutritional trait, triglyceride (lipid) content. Parallel analysis of the taxonomic composition of the associated bacterial community and host nutritional indices (glucose, glycogen, triglyceride, and protein contents) in multiple Drosophila genotypes revealed significant associations between the abundance of certain microbial taxa, especially Acetobacteraceae and Xanthamonadaceae, and host nutritional phenotype. By a genome-wide association study of Drosophila lines colonized with a defined microbiota, multiple host genes were statistically associated with the abundance of one bacterium, Acetobacter tropicalis. Experiments using mutant Drosophila validated the genetic association evidence and reveal that host genetic control of microbiota abundance affects the nutritional status of the flies. These data indicate that the abundance of the resident microbiota is influenced by host genotype, with consequent effects on nutrient allocation patterns, demonstrating that host genetic control of the microbiome contributes to the genotype-phenotype relationship of the animal host.T he recognition that animals are routinely colonized by dense and often diverse communities of microorganisms is driving a major reassessment of fundamental aspects of animal biology (1). Notably, there is accumulating evidence that resident microorganisms influence the nutritional status of animals in multiple ways, including competition for ingested nutrients, providing supplementary nutrients (e.g., vitamins, short-chain fatty acids, essential amino acids), and by modulating the nutrient signaling circuits that regulate nutrient allocation (2-5). These discoveries demonstrate the inadequacy of traditional explanations of animal nutrition in terms of nutritional inputs (amount and composition of food ingested) and outputs (animal nutritional demand for activity, growth, reproduction, etc.) and highlight our ignorance of how microbial effects on animal nutrition interact with other factors, especially animal genotype (6-10).The focus of this study is the impact of interactions between the gut microbiota and host genotype on animal nutrition. The nutritional consequence of the microbiota is known to vary with the abundance and composition of the microorganisms (7, 10-13). For example, comparison of nutritional phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster raised with or without gut bacteria revealed that the microbiome can influence penetrance of host mutations (12). To the extent that the abundance and composition of the microbiota are determined by host genotype, the impact of animal genetic ...

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“…The diversity in microbiota composition and habitats is equaled by a broad variety of beneficial functions to the colonized host. The intestinal microbiota can stimulate stem cell turnover (Jones et al, 2013), gut development (Rawls et al, 2004) and facilitate nutrient supply by breakdown of complex carbohydrates or synthesis of essential amino acids (Sandströ m et al, 2000;Douglas et al, 2001;Yatsunenko et al, 2012). Furthermore, commensal microbes are able to stimulate fundamental aspects of innate and adaptive immunity such as T-cell maturation, production of IgA, mucus secretion and induction of antimicrobial peptides (Dobber et al, 1992;Mazmanian et al, 2005;Weiss et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteria–bacteria interactions within the microbiota of the ancestral metazoan Hydra contribute to fungal resistance

et al. 2014

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Epithelial surfaces of most animals are colonized by diverse microbial communities. Although it is generally agreed that commensal bacteria can serve beneficial functions, the processes involved are poorly understood. Here we report that in the basal metazoan Hydra, ectodermal epithelial cells are covered with a multilayered glycocalyx that provides a habitat for a distinctive microbial community. Removing this epithelial microbiota results in lethal infection by the filamentous fungus Fusarium sp. Restoring the complex microbiota in gnotobiotic polyps prevents pathogen infection. Although mono-associations with distinct members of the microbiota fail to provide full protection, additive and synergistic interactions of commensal bacteria are contributing to full fungal resistance. Our results highlight the importance of resident microbiota diversity as a protective factor against pathogen infections. Besides revealing insights into the in vivo function of commensal microbes in Hydra, our findings indicate that interactions among commensal bacteria are essential to inhibit pathogen infection.

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Symbiotic lactobacilli stimulate gut epithelial proliferationviaNox-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species

Cited by 324 publications

References 49 publications

Gut microbiome development along the colorectal adenoma–carcinoma sequence

Gut microbiome development along the colorectal adenoma–carcinoma sequence

Host Genetic Control of the Microbiota Mediates the Drosophila Nutritional Phenotype

Bacteria–bacteria interactions within the microbiota of the ancestral metazoan Hydra contribute to fungal resistance

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