Symbiosis as a source of selectable epigenetic variation: taking the heat for the big guy

Gilbert, Scott F.; McDonald, Emily G.; Boyle, Nicole; Buttino, Nicholas; Gyi, Lin; Mai, Mark; Prakash, Neelakantan; Robinson, James T.

doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0245

Cited by 125 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Previous researches have implicated Helicobacter pylori, Streptococcus bovis, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Campylobacter rectus, Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis viruses, Human papilloma virus, polyomaviruses, etc. ), to contribute to the host epigenetic changes resulting in the onset and progression of some diseases, especially in malignancies [23]. Further detailed analysis of this work, singled out those subjects with only a particular bound microbial antigen, referred to as homogeneity of microbial antigenic component of immune complexes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Circulating Immune Complexes and Detection of Microbial Antigenic Components in Breast Tumours in Anambra State Nigeria

Ezeani¹,

Onyenekwe²,

Meludu³

et al. 2017

CRJ

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Quantitative measurement of circulating immune complexes in cancer patients is a widely accepted measure linking immune complexes as useful for treatment monitoring. However, the components of these immune complexes are generally understudied. By the analysis of immune complexes, this work elicited some microbial agents that could be associated with breast tumours. Total of 99 female subjects were randomly recruited for this study, of which 24 had benign tumour, 25 had malignant tumour and 50 were tumour free controls subjects. The mean age of the female subjects with benign breast tumour was 37.9±10.1 years; malignant 49.6±10.8 and control subjects 35.9±9.0, and they were confirmed free from chemotherapy, autoimmune diseases and HIV infection. Immune complexes were precipitated and dissociated. Characterization of the antigens/antibodies was done using Enzyme linked immunoassay technique. Microbial antigenic components were detected in 21 benign tumour subjects, 20 malignant tumour subjects and 11 control subjects. Homogeneity and heterogeneity patterns of microbial antigenic distribution were seen in different groups. Heterogeneity pattern was prevalent in subjects with tumours. Detection of HCV was significantly high in subjects with benign and malignant tumours, while presence of Plasmodium falciparum, Helicobacter pylori and Salmonella typhi was also 2 Michael Chukwudi Ezeani et al.: Analysis of Circulating Immune Complexes and Detection of MicrobialAntigenic Components in Breast Tumours in Anambra State Nigeria prominent. HBV and treponema pallidum were implicated. Heterogeneity pattern was prevalent in late stages of breast cancer while Plasmodium falciparum, HCV and Salmonella typhi were most prominent. The burden of microbial infection is prevalent in breast tumour subjects. Presence of the microbial antigens would represent the burden of the microbial infection in tumour development and the consequences of the persistent circulation of these microbial proteins were discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Circulating Immune Complexes and Detection of Microbial Antigenic Components in Breast Tumours in Anambra State Nigeria

Ezeani¹,

Onyenekwe²,

Meludu³

et al. 2017

CRJ

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“…Evidence for an ecological influence on symbiotic interactions in lichens is indeed accumulating (Blaha et al 2006; Casano Fernández-Mendoza et al 2011;Peksa and Skaloud 2011). A number of different hypotheses and theories have been developed to explain the dynamics of various symbiotic systems (Reshef et al 2006;Rosenberg et al 2007;Rodriguez et al 2008;Gilbert et al 2010). They all agree in that the symbiotic lifestyle is likely to increase the adaptive and evolutionary potential of symbiotic holobionts.…”

Section: The Symbiotic Aspectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They all agree in that the symbiotic lifestyle is likely to increase the adaptive and evolutionary potential of symbiotic holobionts. A symbiotic host may adapt to changing environmental conditions by "outsourcing" (Gilbert et al 2010) parts of its stress response to the symbiotic partners (habitat adapted symbiosis, Rodriguez et al 2008). The observed shifting of symbiotic partners in coral-Symbiodinium associations has triggered the coral probiotic hypothesis (Reshef et al 2006) and the hologenome theory of evolution Gilbert et al 2010).…”

Section: The Symbiotic Aspectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In symbiotic systems, adaptation may not even be the result of mutation and natural selection. A symbiotic host may "outsource" (Gilbert et al 2010) parts of its stress response to symbiotic partners and respond to changing environmental conditions by habitat-adapted symbiont association (Rodriguez et al 2008). Such a mechanism has, for example, led to the coral probiotic hypothesis (Reshef et al 2006) and the hologenome concept (Rosenberg and Zilber-Rosenberg 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Biogeography and ecology of Cetraria aculeata, a widely distributed lichen with a bipolar distribution

Printzen¹,

Domaschke²,

Fernández-Mendoza³

et al. 2013

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Citation: Printzen C, Domaschke S, Fernández-Mendoza F, Pérez-Ortega S (2013) Biogeography and ecology of Cetraria aculeata, a widely distributed lichen with a bipolar distribution. In: Boonpragob K, Crittenden P, Lumbsch HT (Eds) Lichens: from genome to ecosystems in a changing world. MycoKeys 6: 33-53. doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.6.3185 AbstractEcological and historical biogeography of lichens have rarely been studied in a concerted effort, but both aspects have to be taken into consideration when explaining the distributional patterns of species. This review summarizes, partly preliminary, results from a series of studies on phylogeography, ecophysiology and symbiotic interactions of the lichen Cetraria aculeata. This species is not only widespread but also occupies a very wide ecological niche. Evidence suggests that Cetraria aculeata has evolved and diversified in the Northern Hemisphere and colonised the Southern Hemisphere during the Pleistocene. Genetic isolation of populations indicates the absence of ongoing long range dispersal and genetic exchange between geographically isolated populations. We observe a hitherto unrecognized genetic diversity that may indicate ecotypic differentiation and speciation processes. Mediterranean and Polar populations differ not only genetically, but also in ecophysiological properties. Ongoing common garden experiments will have to show whether genetically fixed adaptation or acclimation is responsible for these differences. The genetic structure of the photobiont is best explained by climatic differences between localities, but codispersal with the mycobiont plays an important role as well. Taken together, these results indicate that a photobiont switch in the past enabled C. aculeata to widen its ecological niche, with subsequent genetic isolation of populations. Photobiont switches may play a crucial role in speciation processes of lichens. A combination of ecophysiological and phylogeographic studies with experimental approaches is necessary to better understand the reaction of lichens to changing environmental conditions.

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“…These interlinked dependencies between the host and its associated microbes led to the "hologenome theory of evolution, " considering the holobiont as a unit undergoing natural selection (Rosenberg et al, 2007). Therefore, microbial symbionts represent a specific form of genetic inheritance (Gilbert et al, 2010), being either vertically acquired through the egg or horizontally transmitted through the environment. Changes in the bacterial community can produce phenotypic variation of the metaorganism and may impact on the ecological tolerance and distribution of the metaorganism, providing immense potential for adaptation to changing environmental conditions (Reshef et al, 2006).…”

Section: The Extended Phenotype Of Nematostella-bacteria and Their Romentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Nematostella vectensis to Study the Interactions between Genome, Epigenome, and Bacteria in a Changing Environment

2016

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The phenotype of an animal cannot be explained entirely by its genes. It is now clear that factors other than the genome contribute to the ecology and evolution of animals. Two fundamentally important factors are the associated microbiota and epigenetic regulations. Unlike the genes and regulatory regions of the genome, epigenetics and microbial composition can be rapidly modified, and may thus represent mechanisms for rapid acclimation to a changing environment. At present, the individual functions of epigenetics, microbiomes, and genomic mutations are largely studied in isolation, particularly for species in marine ecosystems. This single variable approach leaves significant questions open for how these mechanisms intersect in the acclimation and adaptation of organisms in different environments. Here, we propose that the starlet sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis, is a model of choice to investigate the complex interplay between adaptation as well as physiological and molecular plasticity in coastal ecosystems. N. vectensis' geographic range spans four distinct coastlines, including a wide thermocline along the Atlantic coast of North America. N. vectensis is a particularly powerful invertebrate model for studying genome-environment interactions due to (1) the availability of a well-annotated genome, including preexisting data on genome methylation, histone modifications and miRNAs, (2) an extensive molecular toolkit including well-developed protocols for gene suppression and transgenesis, and (3) the simplicity of culture and experimentation in the laboratory. Taken together, N. vectensis has the tractability to connect the functional relationships between a host animal, microbes, and genome modifications to determine mechanisms underlying phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation.

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Symbiosis as a source of selectable epigenetic variation: taking the heat for the big guy

Cited by 125 publications

References 58 publications

Analysis of Circulating Immune Complexes and Detection of Microbial Antigenic Components in Breast Tumours in Anambra State Nigeria

Analysis of Circulating Immune Complexes and Detection of Microbial Antigenic Components in Breast Tumours in Anambra State Nigeria

Biogeography and ecology of Cetraria aculeata, a widely distributed lichen with a bipolar distribution

Using Nematostella vectensis to Study the Interactions between Genome, Epigenome, and Bacteria in a Changing Environment

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