Symbiosis

Moran, Nancy A.

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.09.019

Cited by 377 publications

(337 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Furthermore, phylogenetic studies of a number of rhizoxinpositive isolates from all the five continents, delivered evidence for host switching of symbionts between fungal lineages (Lackner et al, 2009a), indicating that horizontal transmission has taken place during evolution of the symbiosis, and might still have a role in the natural environment. Yet, in each reproduction cycle of the fungus, B. rhizoxinica is passed on vertically to the next generation, which is a hallmark of close mutualistic relationships (Moran, 2006;Bright and Bulgheresi, 2010). Quite unexpectedly, we observed that the host is not capable of vegetative reproduction in the absence of endosymbionts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Many bacterial strains live in close associations with eukaryotic hosts, ranging from invasive parasites to obligate mutualists having vital roles for their hosts (Moran, 2006). In mutualistic associations, specialized mechanisms have evolved that guarantee the persistence of the symbiosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the transmission of the endosymbionts during host reproduction is a critical step for their survival. Impressive studies document the manifold strategies to ensure a permanent association of bacteria with partners of the animal and plant kingdoms (Dale and Moran, 2006;Moran, 2006;Bright and Bulgheresi, 2010). In stark contrast, nothing is known about the molecular basis of the transmission of endofungal bacteria, that is, bacteria that reside within the fungal cytosol (Kobayashi and Crouch, 2009;Tarkka et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endofungal bacterium controls its host by an hrp type III secretion system

2010

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Burkholderia rhizoxinica and Rhizopus microsporus form a unique symbiosis in which intracellular bacteria produce the virulence factor of the phytopathogenic fungus. Notably, the host strictly requires endobacteria to sporulate. In this study, we show that the endofungal bacteria possess a type III secretion system (T3SS), which has a crucial role in the maintenance of the alliance. Mutants defective in type III secretion show reduced intracellular survival and fail to elicit sporulation of the host. Furthermore, genes coding for T3SS components are upregulated during cocultivation of the bacterial symbiont with their host. This is the first report on a T3SS involved in bacterial-fungal symbiosis. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the T3SS represents a prototype of a clade of yet uncharacterized T3SSs within the hrp superfamily of T3SSs from plant pathogenic microorganisms. In a control experiment, we demonstrate that under laboratory conditions, rhizoxin production was not required for establishment of the symbiotic interaction.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endofungal bacterium controls its host by an hrp type III secretion system

2010

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“…These are either ectosymbiont or endosymbiont [1,2]. The evidences over the years prove that endosymbionts have important role in their hosts for immunity, nutrition and in defense [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and Evolutionary Impact of Wolbachia on Butterfly Hosts

Salunkhe

Narkhede²,

Shouche

2014

Indian J Microbiol

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Wolbachia are maternally inherited endosymbiotic alpha-proteobacteria found in terrestrial arthropods and filarial nematodes. They are transmitted vertically through host cytoplasm and alter host biology by inducing various reproductive alterations, like feminization, parthenogenesis, male killing (MK) and cytoplasmic incompatibility. In butterflies, some effects especially MK and sperm-egg incompatibility are well established. All these effects skew the sex ratio towards female and subsequently favor the vertical transmission of Wolbachia. Some of the insects are also infected with multiple Wolbachia strains which may results in some complex phenomenon. In the present review the potential of Wolbachia for promoting evolutionary changes in its hosts with emphasis on recent advances in interactions of butterfly-Wolbachia is discussed. In addition to this, strain diversity of Wolbachia and its effects on various butterfly hosts are also highlighted.

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“…Other symbionts are facultative, often infecting only a portion of a population, and without which hosts can survive and potentially thrive (O'Neill et al, 1997). Because such facultative symbionts usually cannot be cultivated outside their hosts, their roles remained obscure for many years (Moran, 2006). With the advent of molecular techniques, however, interest in these bacteria has escalated and it has become increasingly evident that facultative symbionts can have major effects on their host's biology, ecological relationships and evolutionary dynamics (Moran, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endosymbiont costs and benefits in a parasitoid infected with both Wolbachia and Cardinium

et al. 2010

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Theory suggests that maternally inherited endosymbionts can promote their spread and persistence in host populations by enhancing the production of daughters by infected hosts, either by improving overall host fitness, or through reproductive manipulation. In the doubly infected parasitoid wasp Encarsia inaron, Wolbachia manipulates host reproduction through cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), but Cardinium does not. We investigated the fitness costs and/or benefits of infection by each bacterium in differentially cured E. inaron as a potential explanation for persistence of Cardinium in this population. We introgressed lines infected with Wolbachia, Cardinium or both with the cured line to create a similar genetic background, and evaluated several parasitoid fitness parameters. We found that symbiont infection resulted in both fitness costs and benefits for E. inaron. The cost was lower initial egg load for all infected wasps. The benefit was increased survivorship, which in turn increased male production for wasps infected with only Cardinium. Female production was unaffected by symbiont infection; we therefore have not yet identified a causal fitness effect that can explain the persistence of Cardinium in the population. Interestingly, the Cardinium survivorship benefit was not evident when Wolbachia was also present in the host, and the reproduction of doubly infected individuals did not differ significantly from uninfected wasps. Therefore, the results of our study show that even when multiple infections seem to have no effect on a host, there may be a complex interaction of costs and benefits among symbionts.

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Symbiosis

Cited by 377 publications

References 13 publications

Endofungal bacterium controls its host by an hrp type III secretion system

Endofungal bacterium controls its host by an hrp type III secretion system

Distribution and Evolutionary Impact of Wolbachia on Butterfly Hosts

Endosymbiont costs and benefits in a parasitoid infected with both Wolbachia and Cardinium

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