Symbiont strain is the main determinant of variation in <i>Wolbachia</i>‐mediated protection against viruses across <i>Drosophila</i> species

Martinez, Julien; Tolosana, Ignacio; Ok, Suzan; Smith, Sophie; Snoeck, Kiana; Day, Jonathan P.; Jiggins, Francis M.

doi:10.1111/mec.14164

Cited by 73 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…A famous example of such interaction is the Wolbachia mediated protection of insect hosts against RNA viruses (Hedges et al ., ; Teixeira et al ., ). In Drosophila this ‘protection’ strongly changed according to Wolbachia strains differing in their titers (Martinez et al ., ). Similar ‘protection’ has been reported in mosquitoes, especially in Ae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Sharing cells with Wolbachia: the transovarian vertical transmission of Culex pipiens densovirus

Altinli

Soms

Ravallec

et al. 2019

Environmental Microbiology

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Summary Culex pipiens densovirus (CpDV), a single stranded DNA virus, has been isolated from Culex pipiens mosquitoes but differs from other mosquito densoviruses in terms of genome structure and sequence identity. Its transmission from host to host, the nature of its interactions with both its host and host's endosymbiotic bacteria Wolbachia are not known. Here, we report the presence of CpDV in the ovaries and eggs of Cx. pipiens mosquitoes in close encounters with Wolbachia. In the ovaries, CpDV amount significantly differed between mosquito lines harbouring different strains of Wolbachia and these differences were not linked to variations in Wolbachia densities. CpDV was vertically transmitted in all laboratory lines to 17%–20% of the offspring. For some females, however, the vertical transmission reached 90%. Antibiotic treatment that cured the host from Wolbachia significantly decreased both CpDV quantity and vertical transmission suggesting an impact of host microbiota, including Wolbachia, on CpDV transmission. Overall our results show that CpDV is transmitted vertically via transovarian path along with Wolbachia with which it shares the same cells. Our results are primordial to understand the dynamics of densovirus infection, their persistence and spread in populations considering their potential use in the regulation of mosquito vector populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Sharing cells with Wolbachia: the transovarian vertical transmission of Culex pipiens densovirus

Altinli

Soms

Ravallec

et al. 2019

Environmental Microbiology

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“…The prevalence of Wolbachia infections may be underestimated because infections can occur at low densities that are undetectable by conventional PCR (Mee, Weeks, Walker, Hoffmann, & Duchemin, ). Multiple Wolbachia variants have been detected within the same species, such as in Drosophila simulans (Martinez et al, ) and Culex pipiens (Atyame, Delsuc, Pasteur, Weill, & Duron, ). Superinfections, where multiple Wolbachia strains infect the same insect (Arthofer et al, ; Sinkins, Braig, & O'Neill, ), also occur.…”

Section: Wolbachia Infections In Natural Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An elusive endosymbiont: DoesWolbachiaoccur naturally inAedes aegypti?

Ross

Callahan

Yang

et al. 2020

Ecology and Evolution

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Wolbachia are maternally inherited endosymbiotic bacteria found within many insect species. Aedes mosquitoes experimentally infected with Wolbachia are being released into the field for Aedes‐borne disease control. These Wolbachia infections induce cytoplasmic incompatibility which is used to suppress populations through incompatible matings or replace populations through the reproductive advantage provided by this mechanism. However, the presence of naturally occurring Wolbachia in target populations could interfere with both population replacement and suppression programs depending on the compatibility patterns between strains. Aedes aegypti were thought to not harbor Wolbachia naturally but several recent studies have detected Wolbachia in natural populations of this mosquito. We therefore review the evidence for natural Wolbachia infections in A. aegypti to date and discuss limitations of these studies. We draw on research from other mosquito species to outline the potential implications of natural Wolbachia infections in A. aegypti for disease control. To validate previous reports, we obtained a laboratory population of A. aegypti from New Mexico, USA, that harbors a natural Wolbachia infection, and we conducted field surveys in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, where a natural Wolbachia infection has also been reported. However, we were unable to detect Wolbachia in both the laboratory and field populations. Because the presence of naturally occurring Wolbachia in A. aegypti could have profound implications for Wolbachia‐based disease control programs, it is important to continue to accurately assess the Wolbachia status of target Aedes populations.

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“…Tortosa et al 2008;Wong et al 2011;Zouache et al 2012), or even increase the susceptibility (e.g. Fytrou et al 2006;Graham et al 2012;reviewed in Hughes et al 2014) of its arthropod hosts to infection depending on the pathogens tested, the Wolbachia strain (Chrostek et al 2013;Martinez et al 2017;Osborne et al 2009), but also on the host genetic background, although to a lesser extend (Martinez et al 2017). In several of these studies the effect of Wolbachia on host susceptibility to infection by other pathogens has been assessed following artificial Wolbachia infection (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population-specific effect ofWolbachiaon the cost of fungal infection in spider mites

Zélé

Altıntaş

Santos

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Many studies have revealed the ability of the endosymbiotic bacteria Wolbachia to protect its arthropod hosts against diverse pathogens. However, as Wolbachia may also increase the susceptibility of its host to infection, predicting the outcome of a particular Wolbachia-host-pathogen interaction remains elusive. Yet, understanding such interactions is crucial for disease and pest control strategies. Tetranychus urticae spider mites are herbivorous crop pests, causing severe damage on numerous economically important crops. Due to the rapid evolution of pesticide resistance, biological control strategies using generalist entomopathogenic are being developed. However, although spider mites are infected with various Wolbachia strains worldwide, whether this endosymbiont protects them from fungi is as yet unknown. Here, we compared the survival of two populations, treated with antibiotics or harbouring different Wolbachia strains, after exposure to the fungal biocontrol agents Metarhizium brunneum and Beauveria bassiana. In one population, Wolbachia affected survival in absence of fungi but not in their presence, whereas in the other population Wolbachia increased the mortality induced by B. bassiana. To control for potential effects of the bacterial community of spider mites, we also compared the susceptibility of two populations naturally uninfected by Wolbachia, treated with antibiotics or not. The antibiotic treatment increased the susceptibility of spider mites to M. brunneum in one naturally Wolbachia-uninfected population, but it had no effect in the other treatments.These results highlight the complexity of within-host pathogens interactions, and the importance of considering the whole bacterial community of arthropods when assessing the effect of Wolbachia in a particular system. KEY-WORDSTetranychus urticae; entomopathogenic fungi; parasite-induced mortality; endosymbionts; bacterial community; antibiotic treatment.

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Symbiont strain is the main determinant of variation in Wolbachia‐mediated protection against viruses across Drosophila species

Cited by 73 publications

References 60 publications

Sharing cells with Wolbachia: the transovarian vertical transmission of Culex pipiens densovirus

Sharing cells with Wolbachia: the transovarian vertical transmission of Culex pipiens densovirus

An elusive endosymbiont: DoesWolbachiaoccur naturally inAedes aegypti?

Population-specific effect ofWolbachiaon the cost of fungal infection in spider mites

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