Symbiont-conferred immunity interacts with effects of parasitoid genotype and intraguild predation to affect aphid immunity in a clone-specific fashion

Purkiss, Samuel Alexander; Khudr, Mouhammad Shadi; Aguinaga, Oscar E.; Hager, Reinmar

doi:10.1186/s12862-022-01991-1

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 78 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Insufficient availability of amino acids in the aphid diet due to lower densities of B. aphidicola in the thermally exposed hosts [12] could have also contributed to the production of deformed offspring in the current study. We note that N116 [58] and N127 harbour a range of facultative endosymbionts, with significantly lower titers in N127 (unpublished data). This difference in the titre may contribute to mitigating the negative effects of stressors on aphids [90] and also influence clone-specific gene expression patterns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…It would be worth trying to entertain the prospect of sacrificing a portion of the developing daughters for the advantage of maintaining homeostasis in the bodies of their mothers. Aphids display exemplary costsensitive altruism against aphidophagous insects [55][56][57][58], but little is known on altruistic reproductive plasticity under severe physical conditions. If selective pressure favours altruism in harsh environmental conditions, as against natural enemies, future work is required to investigate a possibility of an altruism-orchestrating green-beard effect plausibly brought about by a nexus of genes associated with severe heat stress [54,[59][60][61].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Striking clone-specific nymph deformity in pea aphid exposed to heat stress

Jahan

Khudr

Arafeh

et al. 2023

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Climatic changes, such as heatwaves, pose unprecedented challenges for insects, as escalated temperatures above the thermal optimum alter insect reproductive strategies and energy metabolism. While thermal stress responses have been reported in different insect species, thermo-induced developmental abnormalities in phloem-feeding pests are largely unknown. In this laboratory study, we raised two groups of first instar nymphs belonging to two clones of the pea aphidAcyrthosiphon pisum, on fava beansVicia faba. The instars developed and then asexually reproduced under constant exposure to a sub-lethal heatwave (27°C) for 14 days. Most mothers survived but their progenies showed abnormalities, as stillbirths and appendageless or weak nymphs with folded appendages were delivered. Clone N116 produced more deceased and appendageless embryos, contrary to N127, which produced fewer dead and more malformed premature embryos. Interestingly, the expression of the HSP70 and HSP83 genes differed in mothers between the clones. Moreover, noticeable changes in metabolism,e.g., lipids, were also detected and that differed in response to stress. Deformed offspring production after heat exposure may be due to heat injury and differential HSP gene expression, but may also be indicative of a conflict between maternal and offspring fitness. Reproductive altruism might have occurred to ensure some of the genetically identical daughters survive. This is because maintaining homeostasis and complete embryogenesis could not be simultaneously fulfilled due to the high costs of stress. Our findings shine new light on pea aphid responses to heatwaves and merit further examination across different lineages and species.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Striking clone-specific nymph deformity in pea aphid exposed to heat stress

Jahan

Khudr

Arafeh

et al. 2023

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…aphidicola in the thermally exposed hosts [ 12 ] could have also contributed to the production of deformed offspring in the current study. We note that N116 [ 62 ] and N127 harbour a range of facultative endosymbionts, with significantly lower titers in N127 ( Personal Observation ). This difference in the titre may contribute to mitigating the negative effects of stressors on aphids [ 94 ] and also influence clone-specific patterns of gene expression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…It would be worth trying to entertain the prospect of sacrificing a portion of the developing daughters for the advantage of maintaining homeostasis in the bodies of their mothers. Aphids display exemplary cost-sensitive altruism against aphidophagous insects [59][60][61][62], but little is known on altruistic reproductive plasticity under severe physical conditions. If selective pressure favours altruism in harsh environmental conditions, as against natural enemies, future work is required to investigate a possibility of an altruism-orchestrating green-beard effect plausibly brought about by a nexus of genes associated with severe heat stress [58,[63][64][65].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to heat stress leads to striking clone-specific nymph deformity in pea aphid

Jahan,

Khudr,

Arafeh

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Climatic changes, such as heatwaves, pose unprecedented challenges for insects, as escalated temperatures above the thermal optimum alter insect reproductive strategies and energy metabolism. While thermal stress responses have been reported in different insect species, thermo-induced developmental abnormalities in phloem-feeding pests are largely unknown. In this laboratory study, we raised two groups of first instar nymphs belonging to two clones of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum, on fava beans Vicia faba. The instars developed and then asexually reproduced under constant exposure to a sub-lethal heatwave (27°C) for 14 days. Most mothers survived but their progenies showed abnormalities, as stillbirths and appendageless or weak nymphs with folded appendages were delivered. Clone N116 produced more deceased and appendageless embryos, contrary to N127, which produced fewer dead and more malformed premature embryos. Interestingly, the expression of the HSP70 and HSP83 genes differed in mothers between the clones. Moreover, noticeable changes in metabolism, e.g., lipids, were also detected and that differed in response to stress. Deformed offspring production after heat exposure may be due to heat injury and differential HSP gene expression, but may also be indicative of a conflict between maternal and offspring fitness. Reproductive altruism might have occurred to ensure some of the genetically identical daughters survive. This is because maintaining homeostasis and complete embryogenesis could not be simultaneously fulfilled due to the high costs of stress. Our findings shine new light on pea aphid responses to heatwaves and merit further examination across different lineages and species.

show abstract

“…For parasitoids, the host serves as a vital source of food for their offspring, and the pupal chamber of the host serves as a suitable shelter. When the parasitoids sting and paralyze the host, it will be actively attacked and hurt by the host [3,6,33], leading to behavioral aggression, chemical and physical defense, and increased risk intensity with host size and developmental progress [34,35]. Parasitoids need to identify these imminent risks and balance the contradiction between mortality risk, resource utilization efficiency, and the maximum possibility of population reproduction [27,36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Reproductive Strategies of an Ectoparasitoid Sclerodermus guani under the Stress of Its Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana

Wang

Pan

et al. 2023

Insects

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Complex interspecific relationships between parasites and their insect hosts involve multiple factors and are affected by their ecological and evolutionary context. A parasitoid Sclerodermus guani (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) and an entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) shared the same host in nature, Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). They often encountered the semi-enclosed microhabitat of the host larvae or pupae. We tested the survival and reproduction of the parasitoid’s parent and its offspring fitness under different concentrations of B. bassiana suspension. The results show that S. guani parent females carrying higher concentrations of the pathogen shorten the pre-reproductive time and regulate their own fertility and their offspring’s survival and development. This minimal model of the interspecific interactions contains three dimensionless parameters, vulnerability (θ), dilution ratio (δ), and PR, which were used to evaluate the mortality effect of the parasitoid S. guani on its host M. alternatus under the stress of the entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana. We compared the infection and lethal effect of the fungus B. bassiana with different concentrations to the parasitoid S. guani and the host larvae M. alternatus. At higher concentrations of the pathogen, the parasitoid parent females shorten the pre-reproductive time and regulate their own fertility and their offspring’s survival and development. At moderate concentrations of the pathogen, however, the ability of the parasitoid to exploit the host is more flexible and efficient, possibly reflecting the potential interspecific interactions between the two parasites which were able to coexist and communicate with their hosts in ecological contexts (with a high overlap in time and space) and cause interspecific competition and intraguild predation.

show abstract

Symbiont-conferred immunity interacts with effects of parasitoid genotype and intraguild predation to affect aphid immunity in a clone-specific fashion

Cited by 5 publications

References 78 publications

Striking clone-specific nymph deformity in pea aphid exposed to heat stress

Striking clone-specific nymph deformity in pea aphid exposed to heat stress

Exposure to heat stress leads to striking clone-specific nymph deformity in pea aphid

Adaptive Reproductive Strategies of an Ectoparasitoid Sclerodermus guani under the Stress of Its Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About