Sylfjellet: a new outcrop of the Paleogene Van Mijenfjorden Group in Svalbard

Jochmann, Malte; Augland, Lars Eivind; Lenz, O. K.; Bieg, Gerd; Haugen, Turid; Grundvåg, Sten Andreas; Jelby, Mads E.; Midtkandal, Ivar; Dolezych, Martina; Hjálmarsdóttir, Hanna Rósa

doi:10.1007/s41063-019-00072-w

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Lately, even farther north of the Isfjorden, a recently reinvestigated area reveals an even younger section of the Firkanten Fm (Jochmann et al, 2019). This confirms the general continued transgression towards the north of the basin.…”

Section: Parasequence Sets Pss120 and Abovesupporting

confidence: 52%

Sedimentary facies and reconstruction of a transgressive coastal plain with coal formation, Paleocene, Spitsbergen, Arctic Norway

Lüthje¹,

Nichols²,

Jerred³

2020

NJG

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Analysis of coal-bearing strata in the Paleocene Firkanten Formation in the Central Tertiary Basin of Spitsbergen (Svalbard) has shown that deposition was in a coastal plain setting. Interpretation of numerous cores indicates that deposition occurred in coastal plain mires, lagoons, tidal inlets, barrier bars and shoreface environments. These form a series of shallowing-up successions metres to tens of metres thick.Correlation between boreholes over distances in excess of 100 km proved challenging with no regional marker horizons. However, by constructing paleogeographic maps as part of the process of correlating, and by using analogous modern coastal areas as indicators of facies belt widths, a correlation scheme that provides patterns of facies distribution that are consistent in three dimensions has been created. The resulting stratigraphic framework comprises parasequences grouped into parasequence sets that show an overall retrogradational pattern representing a stepwise transgression over a basin floor that was subsiding due to flexural subsidence. Absence of incision or other evidence for relative sea-level fall within the whole succession suggests that flexural subsidence was sufficient to keep pace with eustatic sea-level falls. The basal unconformity surface is overlain by a poorly sorted deposit of reworked regolith that forms a strongly diachronous unit, occurring at the base of successive parasequences. Individual parasequences formed in response to relative sea-level rises that are considered likely to be eustatic in origin and resulted in flooding of the coastal plain. Centimetre-scale analysis of the coal maceral distribution through the thickness of the lowermost major coal seam indicates that there were also higher-frequency fluctuations of relative sea level, possibly at Milankovitch-scale, during the deposition of individual parasequences. This new facies model and interpretation of the subsidence history of the basin provides a framework for understanding the distribution of sediments within a coal-bearing coastal plain succession.

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Section: Parasequence Sets Pss120 and Abovesupporting

confidence: 52%

Sedimentary facies and reconstruction of a transgressive coastal plain with coal formation, Paleocene, Spitsbergen, Arctic Norway

Lüthje¹,

Nichols²,

Jerred³

2020

NJG

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“…The Central Tertiary Basin comprises approximately 2300 m of stratigraphy formed of six formations collectively termed the Van Meijfjorden Group [28] and is exposed in southern Spitsbergen (Figure 2). It formerly had a greater extent but substantial post-depositional uplift [29] caused only small outliers to remain in northern Spitsbergen [30]. Subsidence and basin development started during the Paleocene in relation to the evolving west Spitsbergen fold-and-thrust Belt, when the Firkanten Formation was deposited unconformably on Albian strata.…”

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Eurekan Mountains on Cenozoic Sediment Routing on the Western Barents Shelf

Flowerdew¹,

Fleming

Chew

et al. 2023

Geosciences

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The importance of topography generated by Eocene Eurekan deformation as a sediment source for sandstones deposited on the western Barents Shelf margin is evaluated through a sediment provenance study conducted on wellbore materials retrieved from Spitsbergen and from the Vestbakken Volcanic Province and the Sørvestsnaget Basin in the southwest Barents Sea. A variety of complementary techniques record a provenance change across the Paleocene-Eocene boundary in wellbore BH 10-2008, which samples Paleogene strata of the Central Tertiary Basin in Spitsbergen. Sandstones containing K-feldspar with radiogenic Pb isotopic compositions, chrome spinel in the heavy mineral assemblage, and detrital zircons and rutiles with prominent Palaeoproterozoic and Late Palaeozoic—Early Mesozoic U-Pb age populations are up-section replaced by sandstone containing albitic plagioclase feldspar, metasedimentary schist rock fragments, a heavy mineral assemblage with abundant chloritoid, metamorphic apatite with low REE contents, metapelitic rutile with Silurian U-Pb ages and zircons with predominantly Archaean and Palaeoproterozoic U-Pb age populations. Our results clearly demonstrate the well-known regional change in source area from an exposed Barents Shelf terrain east of the Central Tertiary Basin during the Paleocene to the emerging Eurekan mountains west and north of the Central Tertiary Basin during the Eocene. Eocene sandstones deposited in the marginal basins of the southwestern Barents Shelf, which were sampled in wellbores 7316/5-1 and 7216/11-1S, contain elements of both the Eurekan and the eastern Barents Shelf provenance signatures. The mixing of the two sand types and delivery to the southwest margin of the Barents Shelf is consistent with a fill and spill model for the Central Teritary Basin, with transport of Eurekan-derived sediment east then south hundreds of kilometres across the Shelf.

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“…The Central Basin hosts the majority of Cenozoic strata on Svalbard and formed as a foreland basin in association with the WSFB (Fig. 1A; Müller & Spielhagen, 1990;Jochmann et al, 2019;Helland-Hansen & Grundvåg, 2020). Along the west coast of Spitsbergen, four more outcrops of Paleogene rocks are known: Forlandsundet, Ny Ålesund, Renardodden and Øyrlandet (Fig.…”

Section: Lithostratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tectono-sedimentary evolution of the eastern Forlandsundet Graben, Svalbard

Schaaf¹,

Osmundsen²,

Lelij³

et al. 2021

NJG

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The Forlandsundet Graben, situated along the NE Atlantic continental margin in the western Svalbard archipelago in Arctic Norway, represents a unique opportunity to study a basin that evolved along an obliquely rifted margin. It is bound by N-S-trending fault zones that cross-cut the structures of the Eocene West Spitsbergen-fold-and-thrust-belt. The basin fill comprises coarse continent-derived siliciclastics and finer-grained marine deposits. The Forlandsundet Graben is a keystone to understand the evolution of the west Svalbard margin from a transpressional fold-and-thrust-belt to a sharply tapered transtensional margin during the Paleogene. We report data collected during three field seasons at the eastern basin margin, including outcrop descriptions, ~500 structural measurements, ~370 m of sedimentary logs, more than 100 paleocurrent indicators and results from palynology, K-Ar dating and apatite fission track thermochronology. Our results suggest that the basement units along the eastern basin boundary experienced reverse faulting and illite growth in a fault gouge at 53.5 ± 1.0 Ma likely related to the Eurekan orogeny. This transpressional phase was followed by NW-SE transtensional rifting which initiated the oblique normal faults that constitute the present eastern basin boundary. In this setting, the sedimentary units on Sarsøyra were deposited. The older Sarsbukta conglomerate comprises interfingering alluvial-fan and fluvial deposits. It was affected by transtensional folding and faulting. The rocks of the younger Sarstangen conglomerate record basin-floor and fan-delta sedimentation and thus transition to marine deposition along a major intrabasinal normal or oblique fault. Palynostratigraphic analyses suggest an Early to Middle Oligocene age for the Sarstangen conglomerate. Our findings further highlight a maturity discrepancy between the sedimentary deposits along the eastern and western basin boundaries. On this basis, we discuss possible basin models, including the evolution of the Forlandsundet Graben in association with a metamorphic core complex.

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Sylfjellet: a new outcrop of the Paleogene Van Mijenfjorden Group in Svalbard

Cited by 7 publications

References 56 publications

Sedimentary facies and reconstruction of a transgressive coastal plain with coal formation, Paleocene, Spitsbergen, Arctic Norway

Sedimentary facies and reconstruction of a transgressive coastal plain with coal formation, Paleocene, Spitsbergen, Arctic Norway

The Importance of Eurekan Mountains on Cenozoic Sediment Routing on the Western Barents Shelf

Tectono-sedimentary evolution of the eastern Forlandsundet Graben, Svalbard

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