Syed M. Hasnain, Alanoud A. AlQassim, Halima A. Alsini, Abdulrahman S. Al-Frayh, Futwan A. Almohanna, Mohamed M. Shoukri and Sultan T. Al-Sedairy

Abstract

Allergic diseases such as bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis have increased in the pediatric and adults populations in Saudi Arabia. Apart from traditional lifestyle, the hot temperatures force families to spend more time indoors, resulting in high probability of individuals' exposure with the indoor allergy sensitizers. In order to evaluate their impact in the allergic population, a nationwide study of various allergy and asthma sensitizers was conducted simultaneously in several cities of Saudi Arabia including coastal and non-coastal regions, during 2015-2016. A total of 560 house dust samples (HDS) from 164 allergic patients and 396 control homes were collected in sterile ziploc bags, by vacuuming from seven regions. Samples were sieved, extracted in PBS-Ph8 and analyzed by ELISA using seven different antibodies from Indoor Biotechnologies (Cardiff-UK). The targeted allergens included Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p1), Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f1), Blattella germanica (Bla g1, Bla g2), Felis domesticus (Fel d1), Rattus norvegicus (Rat n1) and Blomia tropicalis (Blo t5). Chi-square test and odd ratio to test the association between patients and controls as well as detection rate in coastal and non-coastal cities were conducted. The analyses of data between patients and controls as well as coastal verses non-coastal regions revealed quantitative variations in their threshold values. Der p1, Der f1 and Blo t5, the three house dust mites (HDM) antigens were higher in the coastal regions compared to non-coastal. While the other allergens viz. Bla g1, Bla g2, Fel d1 and Rat n1, exhibit an opposite trend. Significant levels for Bla g1 in Makkah (p < 0.0001) and Riyadh (p < 0.0006), Rat n1 (p < 0.0001) and Blo t5 (p < 0.0038) for Riyadh were obtained. The results are expected to help physicians, allergists and hospitals in selection of appropriate diagnostic test panels and may further help in therapeutic and preventive approaches on a regional basis.

QbD approached comparison of reaction mechanism in microwave synthesized gold nanoparticles and their superior catalytic role against hazardous nirto‐dye

“…[18,26] Furthermore, polynomial mathematical relationship with coefficients of main and interactions effect, were established based on significance values of p and F test. [27] 2.5 | Comparison of conventional heating and microwave process…”

“…[25] So, coupling of Box-Behnken design with different statistical tests provided in-depth mechanistic information about of significance, impact and role of each factor on final attributes of products as well as help to achieve multi-objective goal and simulation. [27] Briefly, overlapping of RSM approached generated response surface graphs provided optimal solutions in terms of level of each factors required to achieve any possible desired goals. [38] RSM with desired goals such as; minimum hydrodynamic size and PDI but maximum absolute zeta potential value, at experimentally at 95%…”

Corrosion testing of metals in contact with calcium chloride hexahydrate used for thermal energy storage

“…Table 3 presents the chemicals and their composition for coupon cleaning. After cleaning the coupons, they were placed in reagent water and lightly brushed to remove any [6] 170.5 ± 10.7…”

“…However, since PCM cost is a first consideration for this proposed system, inorganic PCMs are considered to be the first choice. CaCl 2 · 6H 2 O was selected for the study reported in this paper as a prime PCM candidate due to its melting temperature between 27.5 and 30.2°C, [6] with a relatively high latent heat of melting/freezing of approximately 175 J/g. [7] Cost is also known to be very low for this PCM.…”