SWToolbox: A surface-water tool-box for statistical analysis of streamflow time series

Kiang, Julie E.; Flynn, K. F.; Zhai, Tong; Hummel, Paul R.; Granato, Gregory E.

doi:10.3133/tm4a11

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…(Sections 3.6,4.3 and 5.5) We compare patterns and trends in streamflow drought metrics to two historically used low flow metrics, the magnitude and timing of the 7-day minimum annual flow, to evaluate whether information on drought dynamics can be inferred in gaged and ungaged areas where 7-day low flow information is already available but threshold-based drought metrics are not. The magnitude of the 7-day minimum annual flow is often used in a regulatory context in the U.S. and Europe (Forzieri et al, 2014;Novak et al, 2016;Stahl et al, 2010) and more often available for both gaged and ungaged locations using existing national, regional, state or local toolsets (e.g., Kiang et al, 2018;Risley et al, 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Going Beyond Low Flows: Streamflow Drought Deficit and Duration Illuminate Distinct Spatiotemporal Drought Patterns and Trends in the U.S. During the Last Century

Hammond

Simeone

Hecht

et al. 2022

Water Resources Research

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In recent decades, there has been increased attention on drought and the aridification of parts of the western contiguous United States (CONUS) (Bishop et al., 2021). The continually updated U.S. billion-dollar weather and climate disasters data set (NOAA-NCEI, 2021;Smith & Katz, 2013) reports that droughts and heatwaves represent nearly a quarter of all long-term weather and climate disaster costs exceeding 1 billion dollars per event, and that vulnerability to these drought events has increased from 1980 to 2020. Droughts have wide ranging impacts on agriculture, water utilities, power generation, recreation and tourism, aquatic species, forest resources, public health and other sectors (Wlostowski et al., 2022). National scale streamflow studies have found increasing occurrences of streams with no flow in the southern and western CONUS (Zipper et al., 2021), decreases in the magnitude of the lowest flows in the southeastern and parts of western CONUS, and increases in the lowest flows in the northeastern and midwestern CONUS (Dethier et al., 2020;Dudley et al., 2020). Runoff reductions in future years for western regions of the CONUS are likely a result of projected precipitation decreases and temperature increases (McCabe & Wolock, 2021b), especially where the temperature increases lead to reductions in seasonal snowpack and water yield (Barnhart et al., 2016;McCabe et al., 2017;Milly & Dunne, 2020). These studies highlight the need for increased understanding of streamflow drought variability, trends, climatic, landscape and anthropogenic drivers.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Going Beyond Low Flows: Streamflow Drought Deficit and Duration Illuminate Distinct Spatiotemporal Drought Patterns and Trends in the U.S. During the Last Century

Hammond

Simeone

Hecht

et al. 2022

Water Resources Research

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“…The low‐flow frequency statistic 7Q10 is commonly used for regulation in the United States in the context of water quality criteria, such as in setting total maximum daily loads (Ames, 2006; Kroll et al, 2004). 7Q10 was computed as the p = 0.1 (10%) quantile, obtained by fitting the log‐Pearson type‐3 (LP3) distribution to the non‐zero climate‐year‐minimum 7‐day‐average flows for each year, with the effect of zero values being addressed using the conditional‐probability adjustment (e.g., Kiang et al, 2018, p. 3). When the percentage of years of 7‐day low flows that equal 0 was greater than 10%, then 7Q10 was set to 0.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The consequences of neglecting reservoir storage in national‐scale hydrologic models: An appraisal of key streamflow statistics

Hodgkins,

Over,

Dudley

et al. 2023

J American Water Resour Assoc

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A better understanding of modeled streamflow errors related to basin reservoir storage is needed for large regions, which normally have many ungaged basins with reservoirs. We quantified the difference between modeled and observed streamflows for one process‐based and three statistical‐transfer hydrologic models, none of which explicitly accounted for reservoir storage. Streamflow statistics representing low to high flows, seasonality, annual variability, and daily autocorrelation were examined at 1082 study basins across the conterminous USA. All models increasingly overpredict (or decreasingly underpredict) observed annual maximum flows with increasing storage. Correlations between absolute values of errors for low‐flow statistics and storage are often larger in magnitude than those for signed errors—additional storage is associated with increases in model errors in both directions even when its overall effect in one direction is weak. The rate of increase in absolute values of model errors was nonlinear for most statistics. For low flows, model errors had a change point to larger errors at 48 days of reservoir storage (relative to long‐term mean daily flow); mean and high flows had change points at 147 to 176 days. We present predicted‐to‐observed errors for nine streamflow statistics over a large range of reservoir storage to help modelers and users of modeled streamflow understand the amount of storage for which explicit reservoir modeling is needed.

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Peak-flow and low-flow magnitude estimates at defined frequencies and durations for nontidal streams in Delaware

Hammond¹,

Doheny²,

Dillow³

et al. 2022

Scientific Investigations Report

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Reliable estimates of the magnitude of peak flows in streams are required for the economical and safe design of transportation and water conveyance structures. In addition, reliable estimates of the magnitude of low flows at defined frequencies and durations are needed for meeting regulatory requirements, quantifying base flows in streams and rivers, and evaluating time of travel and dilution of toxic spills. This report, in cooperation with the Delaware Department of Transportation and the Delaware Geological Survey, presents methods for estimating the magnitude of peak flows and low flows at defined frequencies and durations on nontidal streams in Delaware, at locations both monitored by streamflow-gage sites and ungaged. Methods are presented for estimating (1) the magnitude of peak flows for return periods ranging from 2 to 500 years (50-percent to 0.2-percent annual-exceedance probability), and (2) the magnitude of low flows as applied to 7-, 14-, and 30-consecutive day low-flow periods with recurrence intervals of 2, 10, and 20 years (50-, 10-, and 5-percent annual non-exceedance probabilities). These methods are applicable to watersheds that exhibit a full range of development conditions in Delaware. The report also describes StreamStats, a web application that allows users to easily obtain peak-flow and low-flow magnitude estimates for userselected locations in Delaware.Peak-flow and low-flow magnitude estimates for ungaged sites are obtained using statistical regression analysis through a process known as regionalization, where information from a group of streamflow-gage sites within a region forms the basis for estimates for ungaged sites within the same region. Ninetyfour streamflow-gage sites in and near Delaware with at least 10 years of nonregulated annual peak-flow data were used for the peak-flow regression analysis, a subset of the 121 sites for which peak-flow estimates were computed. These sites included both continuous-record streamflow-gage sites as well as partial record sites. Forty-five streamflow-gage sites with

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SWToolbox: A surface-water tool-box for statistical analysis of streamflow time series

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Going Beyond Low Flows: Streamflow Drought Deficit and Duration Illuminate Distinct Spatiotemporal Drought Patterns and Trends in the U.S. During the Last Century

Going Beyond Low Flows: Streamflow Drought Deficit and Duration Illuminate Distinct Spatiotemporal Drought Patterns and Trends in the U.S. During the Last Century

The consequences of neglecting reservoir storage in national‐scale hydrologic models: An appraisal of key streamflow statistics

Peak-flow and low-flow magnitude estimates at defined frequencies and durations for nontidal streams in Delaware

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