Switzerland

Pleitner, Hans Jobst

doi:10.1007/978-1-349-18384-5_6

Cited by 3 publications

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“…1 Compare, e.g., the work by Acs and Audretsch (1990), Aiginger and Tichy (1989), Aiginger (1987aAiginger ( , 1987bAiginger ( , 1988, Auquier (1980), Bade (1987), Bock (1987), Bums, Dewhurst (1986), Hoffmann (1986), Dahremoeller (1985, K6nig andWeiBhuhn (1988, 1990), Pratten (1988), Reynolds (forthcoming), Schwalbach (forthcoming) and White (1982). 2 For Austria, compare: Aiginger and Tichy (1989) and Bartel (1989Bartel ( , 1990; France, Schwalbach (forthcoming); Great Britain, Burns and Dewhurst (1986), Storey (forthcoming) and Hughes (forthcoming); for Germany, Irsch (1988), Bade (1987) and Fritsch (forthcoming); for Ireland, Gowen et al (1986); Italy, Invemizzi and Revelli (forthcoming); Portugal, Mata (forthcoming); and for Switzerland, Pleitner (1986). 3 Quite a strong decline is shown by Irsch (1988) for Germany; by Bums and Dewhurst (1987) for France, Italy and Denmark.…”

Section: Summary and A F'mal Remarkmentioning

confidence: 96%

Efficiency and profitability: An inverse relationship according to the size of Austrian firm?

Schneider

1991

Small Bus Econ

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ABSTRACT. This paper tries to shed some light on the Austrian situation of the efficiency of firms according to their size class. For total Austria we find that large firms seem to be more efficient with respect to value-added per employee, but small firms are more efficient with respect to the gross residual quota and to profitability (= (value added --wages)/ (value added)). On the other side a similar analysis for Upper Austria does not show this result. Here firms with the size of 500 employees or more seem to be the most efficient with respect to efficiency and profitability, and only the employment cost efficiency criteria reveals the picture, the smaller the firm, the more cost effective it seems to be. Hence, the result obtained from most studies in Europe, that at least the biggest firms are not the most efficient, can only be confirmed to a limited extent for (Upper) Austria.

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Section: Summary and A F'mal Remarkmentioning

confidence: 96%

Efficiency and profitability: An inverse relationship according to the size of Austrian firm?

Schneider

1991

Small Bus Econ

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“…SMEs appear to have more challenges than their larger competitors; yet, by using their unique assets and identifying specialized markets, they may be able to recompense for their disadvantages [109]. Based on the literature, the main causes of internationalization can be separated into two clusters: internal and external [110][111][112][113].…”

Section: Antecedents Of Internationalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internationalization of SMEs: Relevance of the Theories and Antecedents

Lakshman

Kumarasinghe

Weerasinghe

2023

AJEBA

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Scholars have paid close attention to developing several theories and models for the internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises. These theories and models explain the firm strategic directions and gradual process of international expansion. This theoretical literature review aims to comprehensively examine the wide array of literature relating to theories and models of SME internationalization and the antecedents of internationalization. This study looks at the connections and contrasts between various internationalization theories and models, discusses their shortcomings, and provides theory-based insights to SMEs in understanding the internationalization process. Further, this paper examines the different antecedents of SME internationalization and prior empirical validations of those antecedents. According to the literature analysis, it has been identified that most SME internationalization studies are done in developed countries. Moreover, most of the internationalization theories and models are built in developed countries by observing the behavior of large firms. Hence, most of these theories and models may be insufficient to explain SME success in developing and emerging markets. Further, companies currently use more strategic approaches (such as joint ventures, and strategic alliances) to internationalize their operations. As a result, it is argued that the existing internationalization literature and theories are insufficient to explain the internationalization of SMEs in developing countries in the modern world.

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“…35 He was certainly critical of aspects of that tradition, as evidenced in his attack upon the liberal lives of Jesus, and upon the conviction that the historical Jesus would provide Christianity with a legitimate tool with which to reconstitute modern theology, and in his polemic against what he understood as some liberals' creation of a Christian ethic which seemed too easily to endorse the societal status quo (Schweitzer's Jesus and his ethical disposition are distinguished precisely by their 'Fremdheit', their difference from the world and its values). 36 But in his critical attitude to the Christian tradition, 37 his conviction that reason and religion were as handmaidens, in many of his hermeneutical assumptions, 38 in his commitment to ' Wahrhaftigkeit ' or truthfulness, whatever the consequences, and in his strong emphasis upon ethics as the core ideal of Christianity, he reflected that tradition. From the 1940s onwards he was called upon frequently to address the conferences of various liberaltheological organisations, 39 and he became a rallying point for some liberal theologians, especially in Switzerland, as they sought to curb the everincreasing influence of Barth whose theology Schweitzer termed a ' Verdrehungskunst'.…”

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confidence: 99%

Albert Schweitzer

Paget

2010

J. Eccles. Hist.

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contribution in this area). 3 Against such a background, the appearance of Nils Oermann's book is to be welcomed, not least because it is able to take into account a plethora of unpublished material written by Schweitzer, and published over the past decade and a half, 4 including letters, lectures and unfinished academic tomes. Educated as a theologian, philosopher and as an historian of colonial Africa, Oermann is the best qualified individual to have written about the multi-dimensional Schweitzer. Oermann's biography follows chronological lines. Schweitzer was born in Alsace in 1875, at the time a recently annexed part of the new German state, and a borderland, culturally, between France and Germany. At home Schweitzer's family spoke patois (Elsässisch) but wrote to each other in French, and generally presented themselves to the world as Francophile (at the time of the annexation Schweitzer's two uncles chose to adopt French nationality, both residing in Paris). Schweitzer was neverthless later to assert that he found writing in German easier than writing in French (almost all his extant works are in German). Schweitzer's background was strongly clerical (both his father and his maternal grandfather were Lutheran pastors, as was his uncle after whom he was named and who had died in 1871, before Albert's birth), and theologically liberal, a notable tradition within Alsace and one which in a distinctive way Schweitzer was to represent throughout his life. Oermann is good at picking out events from Albert's early life which show signs of later aspects of his personality, whether it be his desire to stand out from others, his dreaminess, manifested in a highly developed ethical sensitivity, or his controlled passion. Of course, Aus meiner Kindheit und Jugendzeit, the work written in 1924, and the endpoint of a number of interviews with Oskar Pfister, the well-known Freudian psychoanalyst and Lutheran pastor, has to be read with a little scepticism-it is, after all, the reflections of a mature and self-conscious man on an early life which he obviously sees as portending later facets of his character, and from which he wishes to draw some general observations. 5 Oermann's discussion of Schweitzer's time as a student at the University of Strasbourg is illuminating. He is good on the general background, making plain the excellent standing at the time of the recently re-founded university. He describes Schweitzer's many activities, philosophical, theological, musical and, finally medical, at some length. Amongst a number of intriguing 3

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Switzerland

Cited by 3 publications

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Efficiency and profitability: An inverse relationship according to the size of Austrian firm?

Efficiency and profitability: An inverse relationship according to the size of Austrian firm?

Internationalization of SMEs: Relevance of the Theories and Antecedents

Albert Schweitzer

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