Switching in invertebrate predators

Lawton, John H.; Beddington, J. R.; Bonser, Richard H. C.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-6938-5_9

Cited by 154 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

107

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Thus, the approach is in fact to test the null hypothesis that predator and prey do not change their behaviour as a result of the prey types being presented together. It was independently proposed by Rabbinge (1976) with much inspiration coming from De Wit's analysis of competition between plants by use of replacement series (De Wit 1963;De Wit and Goudriaan 1978) and Cock (1978) who modified a descriptive method proposed by Lawton et al (1974) into a predictive method. Examples can be found in De Wit and Goudriaan (1978), who used De Wit's yield equation (valid only under conditions of constant prey density), Akre and Johnson (1979) who used Holling's disc equation (under the same condition as the former), and Cock (1978), Fernando and Hassell (1980) and Colton (1987), who used Rogers' variant of the Holling disc equation (valid also under condi-tions of prey depletion).…”

Section: Abstract: Prey Preference -Predation -Behaviour -Acarimentioning

confidence: 99%

How to analyse prey preference when prey density varies? A new method to discriminate between effects of gut fullness and prey type composition

Sabelis

1990

Oecologia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

How to analyse prey preference when prey density varies? a new method to discriminate between effects of gut fullness and prey type composition Sabelis, M.W. General rightsIt is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible.

show abstract

Section: Abstract: Prey Preference -Predation -Behaviour -Acarimentioning

confidence: 99%

How to analyse prey preference when prey density varies? A new method to discriminate between effects of gut fullness and prey type composition

Sabelis

1990

Oecologia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Notonecta glauca (L.) increased its attack success rate on Asellus aquaticus L, as experience was gained, but did not develop searching images (Lawton et al, 1974). Akre and Johnson (1979) observed Anomalagrion hastatum O Inter-Research/Printed in F. R. Germany (Say) to switch between diets of Daphnia rnagna Strauss and Sirnocephalus vetulus Schodler, suggesting, but not proving, that the switch involved the substitution of alternative ambush and stalking searching modes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning of predatory skills by shore-crabs Carcinus maenas feeding on mussels and dogwhelks

Cunningham¹,

Hughes²

1984

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carcinus maenas (L.) used 5 recognizable methods to attack mussels and 3 methods to attack dogwhelks. The frequency of usage varied among methods but did not change as crabs gained experience of the prey. The mean number of attacks required to open prey decreased with practice, irrespective of the methods used. The mean time to break open a prey decreased by a factor of about 0.30 for mussels and about 0.28 for dogwhelks after 5 to 6 prey had been eaten. Reductions in breaking time were both less marked and slower when mussels and dogwhelks were presented alternately to the crabs. Mean breaking times for the first prey offered In trials separated by over 4 d were similar to those associated with naive crabs, but were shorter in trials separated by smaller time intervals. Skills were therefore gained within 1 to 2 h but were lost at a much slower rate. Crabs have a learning capacity that can cause prey items to become transposed in rank and which could lead to switching under appropriate circumstances. Alternate handling of dissimilar prey reduces learning efficiency and could increase the disparity in abundances of alternative prey necessary for switching to occur.

show abstract

“…(Lawton, Beddington and Bonser, 1974;Bergelson, 1985). The same might apply in the present study if different techniques were required to use the light-pen on the two prey types.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Apostatic selection by humans searching for computer-generated images on a colour monitor

Tucker

Allen

1988

Heredity

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A computer program was used to generate "populations" of dimorphic "prey" on the screen of a colour monitor. Different subjects were presented with the prey at seven different frequencies and were asked to use a light pen to remove each prey they detected. They all received the same two types of prey but 70 had them presented against a matching background and 49 had them against a background that made them conspicuous. The results showed that apostatic selection occurred when the prey were inconspicuous but not when they were conspicuous. There is evidence that the apostatic selection was caused by some effect of the difficulty in detecting the prey when they were cryptic. INTRODUCTIONA preference for common prey-"apostatic selection" (Clarke, 1962) or "switching" (Murdoch, 1969)-has been demonstrated in several studies using artificial prey (e.g., Allen and Clarke, 1968;Allen, 1972Allen, , 1974Allen, , 1976Manly, Miller and Cook, 1972;Fullick and Greenwood, 1979;Raymond, 1984) and natural prey (Den Boer, 1971;Maskell et a!., 1977;Cornell and Pimentel, 1978;Akre and Johnson 1979;Bergelson, 1985). The magnitude of the response has been shown to be affected by the prey's density (Cook and Miller, 1977), palatability (Greenwood, Wood and Batchelor, 1981) and degree of crypsis (Cooper, 1984;Bond, 1983).Theoretical work has demonstrated that apostatic selection has the potential to maintain colour polymorphisms in prey species (Haldane and Jayakar, 1963;Clarke and O'Donald, 1964;Cook, 1965), although its efficacy in nature has yet to be proven (Cain, 1983). Very little is understood of its behavioural basis. Clarke (1962) suggested that the development of specific search images (Tinbergen, 1960) is the primary cause but it is now clear that a wide range of behaviours can in theory give rise to frequency-dependent selection by predators (Murdoch, Avery and Smythe, 1975;Greenwood, 1984 The experiments described in this paper were designed to test whether humans select in an apostatic manner when "killing" computer-generated dimorphic "prey" on the screen of a colour monitor. Despite the obvious pitfalls, the use of humans has given valuable insights into the development of predator-prey models (Holling, 1959;Gendron and Staddon, 1984). The computercontrolled technique has the advantage of giving the experimenter considerable control over important variables, as well as providing a means for the automatic and accurate recording of data. In the experiments the subjects simulated predation by using a light pen to remove prey from the screen until the trial was stopped automatically at the point when half the prey had been eliminated.There is evidence from wild birds (Cooper, 1984) and captive pigeons (Bond, 1983) that a matching background increases the magnitude of the strength of apostatic selection. The behavioural basis of this effect is in doubt, but it could result from a greater ability of the predator to learn to distinguish prey from the background when they are common ratherthan rare (Bond, 1983;Cooper, 1984). T...

show abstract

Switching in invertebrate predators

Cited by 154 publications

References 16 publications

How to analyse prey preference when prey density varies? A new method to discriminate between effects of gut fullness and prey type composition

How to analyse prey preference when prey density varies? A new method to discriminate between effects of gut fullness and prey type composition

Learning of predatory skills by shore-crabs Carcinus maenas feeding on mussels and dogwhelks

Apostatic selection by humans searching for computer-generated images on a colour monitor

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About