Switchable dual-wavelength Q-switched fiber laser based on sputtered indium tin oxide as saturable absorber

Zalkepali, N.U.H.H.; Awang, Noor Azura; Latif, Amirah Abdul; Zakaria, Zahariah; Yuzaile, Y.R.; Mahmud, N.N.H.E.N.

doi:10.1016/j.rinp.2020.103187

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The optical deposition technique also demonstrated the same trends, where the pulse repetition rate increased linearly from 34.04 kHz to 78.74 kHz, while the pulse width is reduced from 5.14 μs to 2.38 μs. This shows a typical characteristic of the Q-switched fiber laser [49][50][51]. This is expected since photon density increases at low pump power for a long time.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Comparing optical deposition and drop casting for enhanced tunability in Q-switched fiber lasers using a biogenic AgNPs-CS saturable absorber

Zalkepali,

Awang,

Zamri

et al. 2024

Phys. Scr.

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This study presents the successful synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Camellia sinensis (CS) leaf extract as a biogenic saturable absorber (SA) for tunable Q-switched applications. The AgNPs-CS SA was fabricated through optical deposition and drop casting methods into a fiber ferrule. The nonlinear optical properties of AgNPs-CS as SA were investigated, revealing a modulation depth of 24.37% and a saturation intensity of 0.15 MW cm−2. Q-switching based on optical deposition exhibited a pump power of 213.40 mW, a 3-dB bandwidth of 3.20 nm, a pulse repetition rate of 78.74 kHz, and a pulse duration of 2.38 μs. Meanwhile, the drop casting method showed a 3-dB bandwidth of 2.0 nm, a pulse repetition rate of 53.05 kHz, and a pulse duration of 5.53 μs for the Q-switched pulse. Additionally, the tunability of wavelength in Q-switching using AgNPs-CS SA was investigated. The drop casting method achieved a tuning range of 32.00 nm, covering the S-band to C-band, while the optical deposition technique resulted in a tuning range of 54.20 nm, spanning from the C-band to L-band. Notably, this work represents the first utilization of AgNPs synthesized with leaf extract as a biogenic SA in the tunability of Q-switched lasers, employing two distinct fabrication techniques for the SA.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Comparing optical deposition and drop casting for enhanced tunability in Q-switched fiber lasers using a biogenic AgNPs-CS saturable absorber

Zalkepali,

Awang,

Zamri

et al. 2024

Phys. Scr.

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“…The shortest pulse can be obtained by shortening fiber length in cavity design. This indicates that by increasing the value of pump power, the repetition rate is increased, but the pulse width is reduced, which is related to the Q-switching behavior [35][36][37][38].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Influence of thickness on tunability performance of plasma sputtered indium tin oxide as Q-switcher

Zalkepali¹,

Mahmud²,

Awang³

et al. 2023

Laser Phys.

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We successfully investigated the influence of thickness on the tunability performance of plasma-sputtered indium tin oxide (ITO) as a Q-switcher. ITO is coated using direct current magnetron sputtering techniques with sputtering times of 150 s, 250 s, and 350 s to generate excellent quality ITO. Filmetrics measures the thickness, yielding 17.80 nm, 30.70 nm, and 38.90 nm, respectively. A stable Q-switched pulse is achieved at an operating wavelength and peak power of 1562.30 nm and −6.47 dBm for the thickness of 17.80 nm, 1561.40 nm and −3.19 dBm for the thickness of 30.70 nm, and 1560.2 nm and −2.44 dBm for the thickness of 38.90 nm. The thickness of 38.90 nm exhibit a high repetition rate of 43.60 kHz and narrow pulse width of 4.83 µs compared to other thickness. Employing the tunable bandpass filter in the laser ring cavity gives the wide-tuning of the wavelength range of 19.69 nm, 31.86 nm, and 36.59 nm for the thickness of 17.80 nm, 30.70 nm, and 38.90 nm, respectively. The tunability of Q-switched with the thicknesses of 30.70 nm and 38.90 nm is realized in the region of C-band to L-band. Regarding the authors’ expertise, this seems to be the first proposed influence of thickness on the tunability of plasma sputtered ITO that serves as saturable absorber in a Q-switched pulse.

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“…By now, several reports have treated ITO as a SA and inserted ITO into fiber lasers to realize Q-switched lasers or mode-locked lasers. Almost all lasers are emitted around the 1500 nm band [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ]. In 2020, Feng et al firstly reported that ITO-NWAs were employed as a SA in all-solid-state lasers and they realized passively Q-switched pulse lasers at 1.0, 1.3 and 2.0 μm [ 43 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indium Tin Oxide Nanowire Arrays as a Saturable Absorber for Mid-Infrared Er:Ca0.8Sr0.2F2 Laser

et al. 2022

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We demonstrated a passively Q-switched Er:Ca0.8Sr0.2F2 laser with indium tin oxide nanowire arrays as an optical modulator in the mid-infrared region. In the Q-switched regime, the maximum output power of 58 mW with a slope efficiency of 18.3% was acquired. Meanwhile, the minimum pulse duration and highest repetition rate of the stable pulse trains were 490 ns and 17.09 kHz, corresponding to single pulse energy of 3.4 μJ and peak power of 6.93 W, respectively. To the best of our knowledge it was the first time that indium tin oxide nanowire arrays were employed as a saturable absorber to make pulse lasers carried out at 2.8 μm. The experimental data show that indium tin oxide nanowire arrays can be employed as a competitive candidate for saturable absorber in the field of mid-infrared solid-state lasers.

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Switchable dual-wavelength Q-switched fiber laser based on sputtered indium tin oxide as saturable absorber

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

Comparing optical deposition and drop casting for enhanced tunability in Q-switched fiber lasers using a biogenic AgNPs-CS saturable absorber

Comparing optical deposition and drop casting for enhanced tunability in Q-switched fiber lasers using a biogenic AgNPs-CS saturable absorber

Influence of thickness on tunability performance of plasma sputtered indium tin oxide as Q-switcher

Indium Tin Oxide Nanowire Arrays as a Saturable Absorber for Mid-Infrared Er:Ca0.8Sr0.2F2 Laser

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