Swine-to-Human Transmission of Influenza A(H3N2) Virus at Agricultural Fairs, Ohio, USA, 2012

Bowman, Andrew S.; Nelson, Sarah W.; Page, Shannon L.; Nolting, Jacqueline M.; Killian, Mary Lea; Sreevatsan, Srinand; Slemons, Richard D.

doi:10.3201/eid2009.131082

Cited by 81 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This has raised concerns that these novel reassortant influenza viruses in swine may pose a threat to humans and gain the ability for human-tohuman transmission. Indeed, novel reassortant H3N2 viruses containing the matrix gene from A(H1N1)pdm09 (H3N2 variants [H3N2v]) that emerged in swine have been reported to infect humans in the United States, and most of the infected patients had been either directly or indirectly exposed to pigs (27,28). Furthermore, limited human-to-human transmission has been found (28).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity and Transmissibility of Novel Reassortant H3N2 Influenza Viruses with 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Genes in Pigs

Shen

Liu

et al. 2015

J Virol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity and Transmissibility of Novel Reassortant H3N2 Influenza Viruses with 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Genes in Pigs

Shen

Liu

et al. 2015

J Virol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Table 2). 21 The estimated rRT-PCR sensitivity for nasal wipes compared to nasal swabs was 92.9% and the estimated IAV isolation sensitivity for nasal wipes compared to nasal swabs was 82.9%. Edwards et al, previously noted that nasal wipes that were positive both by rRT-PCR and virus isolation averaged a lower Ct value (24.32) than nasal wipes that were positive by rRT-PCR but negative for virus isolation (Ct = 31.96).…”

Section: Detection Of Influenza a Virus Nucleic Acidmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Agricultural fairs are the largest settings for the comingling of people and swine in the United States and are known sites for the zoonotic transmission of IAV. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] In 2012, during the outbreak of a variant H3N2 IAV, 93% of cases reported attendance at an agricultural fair in the days prior to onset of disease. 15 Genomic analysis of viral isolates from exhibition pigs compared with human isolates confirmed zoonotic transmission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nasal Wipes for Influenza A Virus Detection and Isolation from Swine

Nolting

Szablewski

Edwards

et al. 2015

JoVE

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Surveillance for influenza A viruses in swine is critical to human and animal health because influenza A virus rapidly evolves in swine populations and new strains are continually emerging. Swine are able to be infected by diverse lineages of influenza A virus making them important hosts for the emergence and maintenance of novel influenza A virus strains. Sampling pigs in diverse settings such as commercial swine farms, agricultural fairs, and live animal markets is important to provide a comprehensive view of currently circulating IAV strains. The current goldstandard ante-mortem sampling technique (i.e. collection of nasal swabs) is labor intensive because it requires physical restraint of the pigs. Nasal wipes involve rubbing a piece of fabric across the snout of the pig with minimal to no restraint of the animal. The nasal wipe procedure is simple to perform and does not require personnel with professional veterinary or animal handling training. While slightly less sensitive than nasal swabs, virus detection and isolation rates are adequate to make nasal wipes a viable alternative for sampling individual pigs when low stress sampling methods are required. The proceeding protocol outlines the steps needed to collect a viable nasal wipe from an individual pig. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

show abstract

“…A complete genotype was generated by combining the designations for all eight segments. To reduce the redundancy of strains from single outbreak events at swine exhibitions [16,[41][42][43], viruses with identical genotypes collected on the same date, within the same state, and submitted by the Ohio State University through active swine surveillance swine exhibition projects were marked and grouped. From these data, a single randomly chosen virus from each group was included in subsequent analyses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genomic evolution of H1 influenza A viruses from swine detected in the United States between 2009 and 2016

Gao

Anderson

Walia

et al. 2017

Journal of General Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Transmission of influenza A virus (IAV) from humans to swine occurs with relative frequency and is a critical contributor to swine IAV diversity. Subsequent to the introduction of these human seasonal lineages, there is often reassortment with endemic viruses and antigenic drift. To address whether particular genome constellations contributed to viral persistence following the introduction of the 2009 H1N1 human pandemic virus to swine in the USA, we collated and analysed 616 whole genomes of swine H1 isolates. For each gene, sequences were aligned, the best-known maximum likelihood phylogeny was inferred, and each virus was assigned a clade based upon its evolutionary history. A time-scaled Bayesian approach was implemented for the haemagglutinin (HA) gene to determine the patterns of genetic diversity over time. From these analyses, we observed an increase in genome diversity across all H1 lineages and clades, with the H1-g and H1-d1 genetic clades containing the greatest number of unique genome patterns. We documented 74 genome patterns from 2009 to 2016, of which 3 genome patterns were consistently detected at a significantly higher level than others across the entire time period. Eight genome patterns increased significantly, while five genome patterns were shown to decline in detection over time. Viruses with genome patterns identified as persisting in the US swine population may possess a greater capacity to infect and transmit in swine. This study highlights the emerging genetic diversity of US swine IAV from 2009 to 2016, with implications for swine and public health and vaccine control efforts.

show abstract

Swine-to-Human Transmission of Influenza A(H3N2) Virus at Agricultural Fairs, Ohio, USA, 2012

Abstract: Local health care providers should be alerted to the possibility of human infection with variant influenza A viruses, especially during fairs.

Cited by 81 publications

References 35 publications

Pathogenicity and Transmissibility of Novel Reassortant H3N2 Influenza Viruses with 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Genes in Pigs

Pathogenicity and Transmissibility of Novel Reassortant H3N2 Influenza Viruses with 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Genes in Pigs

Nasal Wipes for Influenza A Virus Detection and Isolation from Swine

The genomic evolution of H1 influenza A viruses from swine detected in the United States between 2009 and 2016

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About