Swine Manure and Lagoon Effluent Applied to a Temperate Forage Mixture: II. Rainfall Runoff and Soil Chemical Properties

Westerman, P. W.; King, Larry D.; Burns, J. C.; Cummings, G. A.; Overcash, Michael

doi:10.2134/jeq1987.00472425001600020003x

Cited by 33 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…While manure is an excellent source of organic matter and plant nutrients, conventional manure utilization that incorporates proper management practices can elevate runoff concentrations of nutrients such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus (Westerman et al 1987;Edwards and Daniel 1993;Heathwaite et al 1998;Burton and Turner 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Livestock Manure Windrow Composting Runoff And Infiltration Characteristics from Laboratory Rainfall Simulations

Webber

Mickelson

Whitman

et al. 2011

Compost Science & Utilization

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Windrow-composted livestock manure has been shown to be less hazardous to the environment compared to manure directly applied to cropland and other agricultural areas. Although offsite contaminant losses through runoff and leaching can occur during the composting process, these losses are suspected to increase under different compost moisture conditions and as composted materials mature. This research quantified the effects of windrow-composted livestock manure and straw bedding components on runoff and infiltration characteristics from laboratory rainfall simulations. Compost samples collected on three dates at approximately the beginning (day 0), middle (day 30), and end (day 60) of a June-July 2004 field research windrow composting period were used for this rainfall simulation study. Replicated compost windrow-shaped cross-section samples were constructed in a specially-designed Plexiglas container apparatus for viewing and recording infiltrated leachate wetting front position boundary movement from simulated rainfall events. Runoff and leachate samples were collected and analyzed for drainage volumes and concentrations and total mass losses of sediment, nitrate-nitrogen (NO 3 -N), and ortho-phosphorus (PO 4 -P) during and following rainfall simulation trials. Leachate wetting front position boundary movement was significantly lower for day 60 compost samples compared among day 0 and day 30 compost sample material. Drainage volume analysis results indicated significantly higher average runoff versus leachate volumes within all compost sampling dates, and runoff volumes were significantly higher among day 30 and day 60 compost samples compared to runoff volumes from day 0 compost samples. Average sediment, NO 3 -N, and PO 4 -P concentrations were significantly higher in leachate versus runoff within all compost sampling dates. Conversely, the total mass losses of these contaminants were significantly higher in runoff compared to leachate within all compost sampling dates. Results of this study suggest that biological and mechanical functions of the composting process reduced compost sample aggregates and increased compost bulk density. We hypothesize that these changes in compost material structure and porosity volume decreased infiltration and increased runoff sediment, NO 3 -N, and PO 4 -P losses during the second and final compost sampling stages of a field windrow composting period. DisciplinesAgricultural Science | Agriculture | Agronomy and Crop Sciences | Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering Comments

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Livestock Manure Windrow Composting Runoff And Infiltration Characteristics from Laboratory Rainfall Simulations

Webber

Mickelson

Whitman

et al. 2011

Compost Science & Utilization

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Application of animal manure to grassland usually results in enrichment of the soil in nutrients such as N and P in surface soil layers (Westerman et al 1987;King et al 1990). However, the effect on soil organic C is less clear.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential retention of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in grassland soil profiles with long-term manure application

Angers

Chantigny

MacDonald

et al. 2009

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Liquid hog manure (LHM) is a valuable source of nutrients for farm production. Long-term experimental plots that had received LHM applications of 0, 50, and 100 m 3 ha -1 annually for 20 years were analyzed for total soil C, N and P storage. Applications increased total soil N and P by 1,200 kg N ha -1 and 850 kg P ha -1 at 100 m -3 LHM year -1 , compared to the control treatment. However, C storage did not increase with LHM rates and was lower in the 50 m 3 ha -1 LHM treatment (86 Mg C ha -1 ) than in the 0 or 100 m 3 ha -1 treatments (100 Mg C ha -1 ). In addition to the limited quantities and high decomposability of the C supplied by LHM, it is hypothesized that LHM stimulated the mineralization of both native soil C and fresh root-derived material. This priming effect was particularly apparent in deeper soil horizons where the decomposability of native C may be limited by the supply of fresh C. This study indicates that while LHM can be a significant source of crop nutrients, it has limited capacity for maintaining or increasing soil C.

show abstract

“…Manure is an excellent source of organic matter and plant nutrients, but even under proper management, conventional manure utilization can have negative impacts. Land application of manure to agricultural fields can elevate runoff (RO) concentrations of nutrients such as nitrogen (N), carbon (C), and phosphorus (P) (Westerman et al 1987;Edwards and Daniel 1993;Heathwaite et al 1998;Burton and Turner 2003). Surface RO of nutrients from agricultural fields is a major source of water pollution in surface waters in the United States (Parry 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a livestock manure windrow composting site with a fly ash pad surface and vegetative filter strip buffers on sediment, nitrate, and phosphorus losses with runoff

Webber

Mickelson

Richard³

et al. 2009

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study quantified the effects of a livestock manure-based windrow composting practice with a fly ash composting pad surface and vegetative filter strip (VFS) buffers on losses of runoff, runoff percent of rainfall, total solids, nitrate-nitrogen, ortho-phosphorus (PO 4 -P), and total-phosphorus during natural rainfall events. Runoff data from six events were collected during June and July (early season) and August and September (late season) 60-day duration composting periods from 2002 through 2004 at an Iowa State University research farm near Ames, central Iowa, USA. The research site was selected on uneven terrain with average slopes of 5% and 2% on the VFS buffer and composting pad plot areas, respectively. Runoff treatments were comprised of three compost windrows:VFS buffer area ratios that included 1:1, 1:0.5, and 1:0 (no buffer) control. The 1:1 and 1:0.5 area ratios represented a 6.0-m (20-ft) wide × 23-m (75-ft) long fly ash composting pad area compared to VFS buffer areas of equal and one-half size, respectively. All treatments had three replications for a total of nine runoff plots in a randomized complete block design. Results from the study indicate significantly higher levels (p < 0.05) of runoff, runoff percent of rainfall, total solids, nitrate-nitrogen, PO 4 -P, and total-phosphorus from the 1:0 control plots compared to the 1:1 and 1:0.5 VFS buffer plots. Results also show the 1:1 and 1:0.5 VFS buffer treatments were not significantly different (p < 0.05) and that average runoff loss reductions from the 1:1 and 1:0.5 VFS buffer plots were 98% and 93%, respectively, compared to the 1:0 control plots. These results reflect the effectiveness of VFS buffers for reducing runoff and contaminant losses from a windrow composting site. Compost nutrient mass balance analysis results indicate 41% and 26% of PO 4 -P were lost from the compost windrows during the 2004 early season and late season composting periods, respectively. However, only 0.1% to 0.4% of PO 4 -P was lost to runoff from the 1:0 control plots during the respective 2004 early season and late season composting periods. We hypothesize the relatively lower PO 4 -P losses in runoff may be attributed to potential chemical and physical effects of the fly ash composting pad material. RightsWorks produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. Abstract: This study quantified the effects of a livestock manure-based windrow composting practice with a fly ash composting pad surface and vegetative filter strip (VFS) buffers on losses of runoff, runoff percent of rainfall, total solids, nitrate-nitrogen, ortho-phosphorus (PO 4 -P), and total-phosphorus during natural rainfall events. Runoff data from six events were collected during June and July (early season) and August and September (late season) 60-day duration composting periods from 2002 through 2004 at an Iowa State University research farm near Ames, central Iowa, US...

show abstract

Swine Manure and Lagoon Effluent Applied to a Temperate Forage Mixture: II. Rainfall Runoff and Soil Chemical Properties

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

Livestock Manure Windrow Composting Runoff And Infiltration Characteristics from Laboratory Rainfall Simulations

Livestock Manure Windrow Composting Runoff And Infiltration Characteristics from Laboratory Rainfall Simulations

Differential retention of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in grassland soil profiles with long-term manure application

Effects of a livestock manure windrow composting site with a fly ash pad surface and vegetative filter strip buffers on sediment, nitrate, and phosphorus losses with runoff

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About