Swine-lagoon Seepage in Sandy Soil

Westerman, P. W.; Huffman, Raegan L.; Feng, Jiao

doi:10.13031/2013.28002

Cited by 35 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Importantly, this may happen even at recommended application rates. As examples, Westerman et al (1995) found 3–6 mg nitrate (NO 3 )/L in surface runoff from sprayfields that received swine effluent at recommended rates; Stone et al (1995) measured 6–8 mg total inorganic N/L and 0.7–1.3 mg P/L in a stream adjacent to swine effluent sprayfields. Evans et al (1984) reported 7–30 mg NO 3 /L in subsurface flow draining a sprayfield for swine wastes, applied at recommended rates.…”

Section: Background and Recent Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Waste from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations on Water Quality

Burkholder

Libra

Weyer

et al. 2007

Environ Health Perspect

395

232

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Waste from agricultural livestock operations has been a long-standing concern with respect to contamination of water resources, particularly in terms of nutrient pollution. However, the recent growth of concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) presents a greater risk to water quality because of both the increased volume of waste and to contaminants that may be present (e.g., antibiotics and other veterinary drugs) that may have both environmental and public health importance. Based on available data, generally accepted livestock waste management practices do not adequately or effectively protect water resources from contamination with excessive nutrients, microbial pathogens, and pharmaceuticals present in the waste. Impacts on surface water sources and wildlife have been documented in many agricultural areas in the United States. Potential impacts on human and environmental health from long-term inadvertent exposure to water contaminated with pharmaceuticals and other compounds are a growing public concern. This work-group, which is part of the Conference on Environmental Health Impacts of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations: Anticipating Hazards—Searching for Solutions, identified needs for rigorous ecosystem monitoring in the vicinity of CAFOs and for improved characterization of major toxicants affecting the environment and human health. Last, there is a need to promote and enforce best practices to minimize inputs of nutrients and toxicants from CAFOs into freshwater and marine ecosystems.

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Section: Background and Recent Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Waste from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations on Water Quality

Burkholder

Libra

Weyer

et al. 2007

Environ Health Perspect

395

232

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Manure contains two forms of nitrogen: (i) plant-unavailable-nitrogen (PUA) such as O-N that accounts for almost 95% of total nitrogen; and (ii) PAN such as NH4 [2,20]. This discrepancy may be due to differences in the animals' diet or the manures' pH that may range from 7 to 8.4, resulting in 1% to 5% loss of NH4 + via volatilization as NH3.…”

Section: Manure Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerobic and Anaerobic Transformations in Estrogens and Nutrients in Swine Manure: Environmental Consequences

Singh

2015

Agriculture

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Pig manure is an excellent fertilizer and rich source of organic carbon and nitrogen compounds such organic nitrogen (O-N) (95% of total nitrogen) that is plant-unavailable-nitrogen (PUN) and mineralized nitrogen (about 1% of total nitrogen) such as ammonium (NH4 + ) and nitrate (NO3) that are plant-available-nitrogen (PAN). In addition, manure also contains two forms of estrogens: (i) poorly estrogenic thus essentially nontoxic conjugated estrogens (cEs) such as estrone (cE1), estradiol (cE2) and estriol (cE3); and (ii) highly estrogenic and toxic free estrogens (fEs) such as fE2, fE1 and fE3. This study showed that aerobic processing reduced concentrations of total carbon (TC), O-N, PAN and NH4 + /NH3 ratio, transiently hydrolyzed cEs (cE2 > cE1 > cE3) into corresponding fEs, transiently increased estrogenic activity and potential toxicity, and rapidly degraded fEs (fE2, fE1 > fE3), thus reducing the estrogenic activity in manure. Unlike aerobic processing, anaerobic processing stabilized and increased PAN and NH4 + /NH3 ratio, thus increasing the manure's fertilizer value. However, anaerobic processing, relative to aerobic processing, poorly hydrolyzed cEs (reducing transient toxicity and increasing reserve toxicity potential) and poorly degraded fEs (increasing toxicity) in manure. Thus, aerobic and anaerobic environments have distinct effects on manures' PAN and estrogenic activity, presenting an interesting dilemma: anaerobic incubation that increases manures' PAN does not effectively degrade estrogens, while aerobic incubation that effectively degrades estrogens (after transiently increasing their estrogenic activity) also decreases PAN, thus making manure less profitable. New techniques are need to fully use manure as organic fertilizer. OPEN ACCESSAgriculture 2015, 5 698

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“…Contamination of the environment can result from lagoon breaks and the subsequent release of millions of gallons of animal wastes directly into surface water at one time (1) or from seepage losses of lagoon wastewater into the surrounding soil and groundwater (11)(12)(13). In addition, land application of liquefied wastes may result in wastes leaching into groundwater or reaching streams as a result of overland flow (4,14).…”

Section: Swine Cafosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentrated Swine Feeding Operations and Public Health: A Review of Occupational and Community Health Effects

Cole¹,

Todd²,

Wing³

2000

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Recent industry change in swine-management practices have resulted in a growing controversy surrounding the environmental and public health effects of modern swine production. The numerous wastes produced by intensive swine production not only pose a significant chalienge to effective environmental management but also are associated with decreased air quality in confinement houses, potentialy transferable antimicrobial resistance patterns, and several infectious agents that can be pathogenic to humans. Published studies have documented a variety of contaminants, microbial agents, and health efFects in those occupationally exposed to swine, and these have provided the groundwork for an increasing body of research to evaluate possible community health effects. Nonetheless, several factors limit our ability to define and quantify the potential role of intensive swine-rearing facilities in occupational and community health. Our incomplete understanding and ability to detect specific exposures; the complicated nature of disease etiology, pathogenesis, and surveillance; and the inherent difficulties assodated with study design all contribute to the inadequate level ofknowledge that currendy prevails. However, an evaluation ofthe published literature, and a recognition of the elements that may be compromising these studies, provides the foundation from which future studies may develop.

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Swine-lagoon Seepage in Sandy Soil

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

Impacts of Waste from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations on Water Quality

Impacts of Waste from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations on Water Quality

Aerobic and Anaerobic Transformations in Estrogens and Nutrients in Swine Manure: Environmental Consequences

Concentrated Swine Feeding Operations and Public Health: A Review of Occupational and Community Health Effects

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