Swine gut microbiota and its interaction with host nutrient metabolism

Abstract

Gut microbiota is generally recognized to play a crucial role in maintaining host health and metabolism. The correlation among gut microbiota, glycolipid metabolism, and metabolic diseases has been well reviewed in humans. However, the interplay between gut microbiota and host metabolism in swine remains incompletely understood. Given the limitation in conducting human experiments and the high similarity between swine and humans in terms of anatomy, physiology, polyphagy, habits, and metabolism and in terms of the composition of gut microbiota, there is a pressing need to summarize the knowledge gained regarding swine gut microbiota, its interplay with host metabolism, and the underlying mechanisms. This review aimed to outline the bidirectional regulation between gut microbiota and nutrient metabolism in swine and to emphasize the action mechanisms underlying the complex microbiome–host crosstalk via the gut microbiota–gut–brain axis. Moreover, it highlights the new advances in knowledge of the diurnal rhythmicity of gut microbiota. A better understanding of these aspects can not only shed light on healthy and efficient pork production but also promote our knowledge on the associations between gut microbiota and the microbiome–host crosstalk mechanism. More importantly, knowledge on microbiota, host health and metabolism facilitates the development of a precise intervention therapy targeting the gut microbiota.

Microbial composition differs between production systems and is associated with growth performance and carcass quality in pigs

“…Pathways abundance was dominated by carbohydrate, amino acid, energy, and lipid metabolism across populations and time, along with membrane transport and replication and repair. These results are again in agreement with previous literature [ 57 , 58 ]. When comparing the two populations, glycan amino acid and energy metabolism were less abundant in TE than NU at time points one and three, while the opposite was true at TP2.…”

Evaluation of the microbiome composition in particulate matter inside and outside of pig houses

“…produce odorous products such as volatile fatty acids and ammonia, Clostridium has been considered one of major contributors to odor from swine farms [ 28 ]. Terrisporobacter was also identified as one of the dominant genera in the gut of pigs [ 29 ]. Bacillus spp.…”

Management and Feeding Strategies in Early Life to Increase Piglet Performance and Welfare around Weaning: A Review

“…In humans, this window of time has been established as 100 days [ 56 ], a period during which dysbiosis and shifts in specific bacterial taxa have been related to an increased risk of asthma in future life [ 57 ]. While something similar is expected to occur in pigs [ 57 , 58 ], further research is needed to understand the impact of early life events on the piglet’s microbiome and its potential relevance for the pig industry [ 59 , 60 , 61 ]. Some authors have described how different exposure levels to stress or the use of antibiotics can determine changes in the gut microbial colonization of pigs eight days after birth with implications for immunity development [ 62 ].…”