Swine Dysentery and Brachyspiral Colitis

Hampson, D.J.; Burrough, Eric

doi:10.1002/9781119350927.ch62

Cited by 29 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 182 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Swine dysentery (SD) is an economically significant disease of growing pigs characterized by mucohemorragic diarrhea, or watery feces containing large amounts of mucus and flecks of blood (1). Pigs clinically affected with SD become anorexic and dehydrated, resulting in rapid weight loss (2). The causative agents of SD include strongly hemolytic Brachyspira spp., such as Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and Brachyspira hampsonii (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pigs clinically affected with SD become anorexic and dehydrated, resulting in rapid weight loss (2). The causative agents of SD include strongly hemolytic Brachyspira spp., such as Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and Brachyspira hampsonii (2). Upon association with the colonic epithelium, B. hyodysenteriae causes marked inflammation, hemorrhage, superficial epithelial necrosis, and excessive production of mucus (3,4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae Infection Reduces Digestive Function but Not Intestinal Integrity in Growing Pigs While Disease Onset Can Be Mitigated by Reducing Insoluble Fiber

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Swine dysentery (SD) induced by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae manifests as mucohemorrhagic diarrhea in pigs, but little is known about the changes that occur to the gastrointestinal tract during this disease. It is thought that dietary fibers alter disease pathogenesis, although the mechanisms of action are unclear. Thus, the objectives of this study were to characterize intestinal integrity, metabolism, and function in pigs during SD and determine if replacing insoluble fiber with fermentable fibers mitigates disease. Thirty-six B. hyodysenteriae-negative gilts [24.3 ± 3.6 kg body weight (BW)] were assigned to one of three treatment groups: (1) B. hyodysenteriae negative, control diet (NC); (2) B. hyodysenteriae challenged, control diet (PC); and (3) B. hyodysenteriae challenged, highly fermentable fiber diet (RS). The NC and PC pigs were fed the same control diet, containing 20% corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). The RS pigs were fed a diet formulated with 5% sugar beet pulp and 5% resistant potato starch. On days post inoculation (dpi) 0 and 1, pigs were inoculated with B. hyodysenteriae or sham. Pigs were euthanized for sample collection after onset of SD. The challenge had high morbidity, with 100% of PC and 75% of RS pigs developing clinical SD. The timing of onset of clinical SD differed due to treatment, with RS pigs having a delayed onset (dpi 9) of clinical SD compared with dpi 7 for PC pigs. Colon transepithelial resistance was increased and macromolecule permeability was reduced in PC pigs compared with NC pigs (P < 0.01). Minimal changes in ileal permeability, mitochondrial function, or volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were observed. Total VFA concentrations were lower in the colon and cecum in both PC and RS pigs compared to NC pigs (both P < 0.05), but iso-acids were higher (both P < 0.05). Total tract digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N), and gross energy (GE) was lower in PC pigs compared with both NC and RS pigs (both P < 0.001). These data indicate that SD reduces digestive function but does not reduce ex vivo intestinal integrity. Further, replacement of insoluble fiber with highly fermentable fibers mitigated and delayed the onset of SD.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae Infection Reduces Digestive Function but Not Intestinal Integrity in Growing Pigs While Disease Onset Can Be Mitigated by Reducing Insoluble Fiber

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The eradication programmes that were used can be classified into three major groups, namely total depopulation of animals on the farm, partial depopulation, and antimicrobial medication without depopulation. Most of the programmes were initiated in spring or summer, as environmental survival of B. hyodysenteriae is diminished during the warm season [30]. Every strategy was Table 4 Results of susceptibility testing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) (PubMLST) of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae isolates obtained before and after the eradication program on the 10 farms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fact that no depopulation was practiced was a major weakness as it hampered the implementation of proper cleaning, disinfection and stand-empty periods. The two farms practiced all-in/all-out at room level, but the stand-empty period between successive batches was short (3 days), leaving insufficient time for thorough drying of the environment [30]. Also the rodent control was insufficient on both farms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the sow and farrow-to-finish farms, for each sampling moment, random samples were taken from nine sows (n = 9). To increase the likelihood of finding positive samples [30], the sows were mainly sampled at stressful moments such as around farrowing, shortly (1-4 days) after weaning, or after moving them to the group housing unit when they had been tested pregnant. In the fattening and farrow-to-finish farms, 12 fattening pigs were sampled for each sampling moment.…”

Section: Sampling Protocol To Monitor the Infection Status Posteradicmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Implementation and evaluation of different eradication strategies for Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Brachyspira infections are causing major losses to the pig industry and lead to high antimicrobial use. Treatment of Brachyspira (B.) hyodysenteriae infections may be problematic due to the high level of antimicrobial resistance. The present study implemented and evaluated farm-specific eradication programmes for B. hyodysenteriae in 10 different infected pig farms in Belgium. Results Ten pig farms clinically infected with B. hyodysenteriae volunteered to implement a farm-specific eradication programme. The programme depended on the farm and management characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility of the B. hyodysenteriae strain and the motivation of the farmer. Two farms practiced total depopulation, six farms partial depopulation and two farms antimicrobial medication without depopulation. In addition, all farms implemented biosecurity measures, and faeces samples were tested for the presence of B. hyodysenteriae at 6, 9 and 12 months after the start of the program. Single Brachyspira isolates from before and after the programme were typed using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Eradication was successful in four farms. Two of them (farrow-to-finish and finishing herd) had applied total depopulation and respected a vacancy period of at least 3 weeks. A third farm (gilt farm) practised partial depopulation, the rooms remained empty for 28 days and changed the source of breeding gilts. The fourth farm practised partial depopulation, the stables remained empty for 3 weeks, and used antimicrobial medication. The eradication programme was not successful in six farms. Two of the latter farms only used medication without partial depopulation. Four farms practiced partial depopulation, one of them combined it with antimicrobial medication. The cleaning and disinfection procedures, rodent control, stand-empty period and/or other biosecurity measures in the six farms were not always implemented properly. In two of three farms, isolates belonging to the same MLST type were found before and after eradication. Conclusions Total depopulation or partial depopulation combined with implementing strict biosecurity measures allowed eradication of B. hyodysenteriae from clinically infected pig farms. Programmes based on antimicrobials without depopulation or partial depopulation without strictly adhering to all suggested biosecurity measures were not successful. Stockmanship and motivation of the farmer to permanently maintain high biosecurity standards are essential for success.

show abstract

Brachyspira

Rubin¹,

Rohde²

2022

Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infections in Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Swine Dysentery and Brachyspiral Colitis

Cited by 29 publications

References 182 publications

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae Infection Reduces Digestive Function but Not Intestinal Integrity in Growing Pigs While Disease Onset Can Be Mitigated by Reducing Insoluble Fiber

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae Infection Reduces Digestive Function but Not Intestinal Integrity in Growing Pigs While Disease Onset Can Be Mitigated by Reducing Insoluble Fiber

Implementation and evaluation of different eradication strategies for Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

Brachyspira

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About