Swine Dialyzable Spleen Extract as Antiviral Prophylaxis

Merchand-Reyes, Giovanna; Pavón, Lenin; Pérez‐Sánchez, Gilberto; Vázquez-Leyva, Said; Salinas-Jazmín, Nohemí; Velasco-Velázquez, Marco A.; Medina‐Rivero, Emilio; Pérez‐Tapia, Sonia Mayra

doi:10.1089/jmf.2014.0176

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Similar results were obtained recently in Mexico, where a research group has received highly purified swine dialyzable spleen extract with antiviral activity tested on mouse model [82].…”

Section: Animal Infectious and Parasitic Diseasessupporting

confidence: 85%

Immunotherapy with Dialyzable Leukocyte Extracts Containing Transfer Factor

Arnaudov¹

2017

Immunotherapy - Myths, Reality, Ideas, Future

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Dialyzable leukocyte extracts (DLE) are complexes consisting of a large number of low molecular weight substances. These extracts possess immunomodulatory properties, which are mainly attributed to small peptides with molecular weight of 3.5-6.0 kDa called "transfer factor." This chapter reviews the nature and immunological characteristics of DLE containing transfer factor (TF), their mechanism of action and the possible uses as immunomodulators in human and veterinary medicine. A main advantage of TF-preparations as immunotherapeutic agents is that they induce a rapid immune response against the pathogen (within 24 h) and thereby reduce the time for the patient immune response by 9-13 days. The low level of difficulty of the process of obtaining protocols determines their relatively low cost and the possibility to combine them with other therapeutic agents during treatment makes them subject to medical applications in the future, including against some new diseases.

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“…Similar results were obtained recently in Mexico, where a research group has received highly purified swine dialyzable spleen extract with antiviral activity tested on mouse model [82].…”

Section: Animal Infectious and Parasitic Diseasessupporting

confidence: 85%

Immunotherapy with Dialyzable Leukocyte Extracts Containing Transfer Factor

Arnaudov¹

2017

Immunotherapy - Myths, Reality, Ideas, Future

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“…Further, a concerted effort has been made to determine their peptide composition. Several methods have been reported in attempt to determine the structure and composition of DLEs from various species [ 2 , 11 – 13 ], such as a description of the amino acid content in pig and rabbit spleen-derived dialyzable extracts [ 14 , 15 ], as well as bursa-derived dialyzable extracts [ 12 ]; a conserved sequence has even been determined in DLEs from mice and calves [ 11 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical Characteristics of Transferon™Batches

Medina‐Rivero

Vallejo-Castillo

Vázquez-Leyva

et al. 2016

BioMed Research International

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Transferon, a biotherapeutic agent that has been used for the past 2 decades for diseases with an inflammatory component, has been approved by regulatory authorities in Mexico (COFEPRIS) for the treatment of patients with herpes infection. The active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) of Transferon is based on polydispersion of peptides that have been extracted from lysed human leukocytes by a dialysis process and a subsequent ultrafiltration step to select molecules below 10 kDa. To physicochemically characterize the drug product, we developed chromatographic methods and an SDS-PAGE approach to analyze the composition and the overall variability of Transferon. Reversed-phase chromatographic profiles of peptide populations demonstrated batch-to-batch consistency from 10 representative batches that harbored 4 primary peaks with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 7%. Aminogram profiles exhibited 17 proteinogenic amino acids and showed that glycine was the most abundant amino acid, with a relative content of approximately 18%. Further, based on their electrophoretic migration, the peptide populations exhibited a molecular mass of about 10 kDa. Finally, we determined the Transferon fingerprint using a mass spectrometry tool. Because each batch was produced from independent pooled buffy coat samples from healthy donors, supplied by a local blood bank, our results support the consistency of the production of Transferon and reveal its peptide identity with regard to its physicochemical attributes.

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Physicochemical Characterization of the Oral Biotherapeutic Drug IMUNOR®

Mucksová,

Borošová,

Blazsek

et al. 2024

Pharmaceuticals

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IMUNOR is an oral biotherapeutic drug that had been developed, registered, and approved in 1997 in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. IMUNOR is a dialyzable leukocyte extract (DLE) prepared from swine leukocytes. It is characterized as a mixture of small peptides with molecular weights smaller than 12 kDa and a specific portion of nucleotides. The medical uses of IMUNOR include therapeutic applications within its registered range of indications, primarily for the treatment of immunodeficiencies, allergies, and certain acute or relapsing bacterial infections in adults and children. Despite the long-term clinical application of DLE, with strong evidence of positive therapeutic effects and no serious side effects, a detailed physicochemical specification of this mixture was lacking. We developed several methods for more in-depth physicochemical characterization of IMUNOR, including a spectrophotometric method for quantification of the total protein concentration and total DNA concentration in a mixture, several chromatographic methods for identification of individual components present in significant concentrations in IMUNOR, such as HPLC methods and the Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis method, and characterization of amino acid composition of this mixture. For the investigation of the variability among different batches of IMUNOR, five to nine representative batches from a standard manufacturing process on an industrial scale were utilized. Using the analytical methods, we verified and confirmed the batch-to-batch reproducibility of the biological product IMUNOR.

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Swine Dialyzable Spleen Extract as Antiviral Prophylaxis

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

Immunotherapy with Dialyzable Leukocyte Extracts Containing Transfer Factor

Immunotherapy with Dialyzable Leukocyte Extracts Containing Transfer Factor

Physicochemical Characteristics of Transferon™Batches

Physicochemical Characterization of the Oral Biotherapeutic Drug IMUNOR®

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