Swimming training on moderate intensity significantly reduces total cholesterol and bodyweight on hypercholesterolemic rat model

Abstract

It is well established that regular exercise has many positive benefits on health. Exercise at the appropriate intensity and level has been shown to improve lipid profile and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. This study investigates the effect of swimming training on total cholesterol levels and body weight in male Wistar rats. Thirty rats weighing 150-200 grams were randomly divided into one control (C) and two treatment groups (ST=swimming training, SED=sedentary activity). Rats in control (C) group were fed a standard diet, while rats in both treatment groups were fed high-fat diet-induced hypercholesterolemia for three weeks. Rats in ST were then swim-trained at moderate intensity for 30 minutes/day, six days a week for three weeks, and rats in SED were left without exercise stimuli. Body weight was measured weekly. At the end of the experimental period, intracardiac blood samples were drawn to measure the total cholesterol level. Findings revealed that rats’ bodyweight (p=0,045) and blood cholesterol (p=0,034) in ST group were significantly lower compared to SED. It indicates that swimming exercise is shown to be effective in weight loss and reducing blood cholesterol level in hypercholesterolemic rats.

Antidiabetic activity of Berberis brandisiana is possibly mediated through modulation of insulin signaling pathway, inflammatory cytokines and adipocytokines in high fat diet and streptozotocin-administered rats

“…To assess the impact of diet, food intake of each rat in all groups was calculated daily. Water was provided in graduated drinking bottles and daily consumption was recorded ( Sholikhah and Ridwan, 2021 ).…”

Effect of High-Calorie Diet and Moderate-Intensity Physical Exercise on Gastric Histopathological Features of Mice

“…Physical activity and regular exercise are known to have advantageous effects in lowering the risk of various diseases and improving immune system against free radicals. Researchers agree that moderate-intensity physical exercise gives benefits to health, improve quality of life, reduce the risk of death, and prevent diseases related to oxidative stress (Sholikhah and Ridwan 2021;Stone et al 2015). It can lower oxidative stress through several mechanisms, for instance, improving enzyme activity and DNA repair, reducing DNA binding to ROSsensitive transcription factors (such as NF-κB), and increasing the activity of cell enzymatic antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) (Berawi and Agverianti 2017).…”

Influence of Swim Board Aids on Learning Freestyle Swimming Policy Techniques

“…Influence of Swim Board Aids on Learning Freestyle Swimming Policy Techniques According to the Regulation of the Minister of Education and Culture number 21 of 2016 concerning content standards for primary and secondary education, there is a scope of PJOK material as follows: physical activity and various basic sports movements basic techniques of big ball games, small ball games, physical activity through athletics, physical activity basic martial arts techniques, physical activity and fitness components related to health and related skills, physical activity gymnastics, physical activity through a series of swimming and health (Destiawan et al, 2020). Swimming is very well known in the wider community, especially in schools (Sholikhah &;Ridwan, 2021). Therefore, swimming learning by teachers in schools is important to teach, so that students know and learn about this socializing sport, in addition to socializing this sport is also important to teach because we not only live in the scope of the plain, but there are times when someone must be able and survive when in the water because swimming can help us to save ourselves from the danger of drowning (Gourgoulis et al, 2019).…”