Swimming exercise demonstrates advantages over running exercise in reducing proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Abstract

Experimental studies in animal models have described the benefits of physical exercise (PE) to kidney diseases associated with hypertension. Land- and water-based exercises induce different responses in renal function. Our aim was to evaluate the renal alterations induced by different environments of PE in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The SHRs were divided into sedentary (S), swimming exercise (SE), and running exercise (RE) groups, and were trained for 8 weeks under similar intensities (60 min/day). Arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded. The renal function was evaluated through urinary volume at each week of training; sodium and potassium excretions, plasma and urinary osmolarities, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), levels of proteinuria, and renal damage were determined. SE and RE rats presented reduced mean AP, systolic blood pressure, and HR in comparison with S group. SE and RE rats showed higher urine osmolarity compared with S. SE rats showed higher free water clearance (P < 0.01), lower urinary density (P < 0.0001), and increased weekly urine volume (P < 0.05) in comparison with RE and S groups. GFR was increased in both SE and RE rats. The proteinuria of SE (7.0 ± 0.8 mg/24 h) rats was decreased at the 8th week of the PE in comparison with RE (9.6 ± 0.8 mg/24 h) and S (9.8 ± 0.5 mg/24 h) groups. The glomerulosclerosis was reduced in SE rats (P < 0.02). SE produced different response in renal function in comparison with RE, in which only swimming-trained rats had better profile for proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis.

Physical exercise associated with vitamin D chronic supplementation reduces kidney injury induced by monosodium glutamate

“…Experimental studies in animal models have also described the benefits of RPE for renal diseases associated with AH being that exercises based on the ground and in the water induce different outcomes in renal function. Swimming exercises show different results in renal function when compared to running, in which only rats trained to swim showed a better profile of proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis (Totou et al 2018).…”

“…The CKD, resulting manly from AH, leads to the fi nal stage of decreased kidneys, with the cortical region and the parenchyma thinned (indicative of atrophy), and hyper-congenics, which is indicative of sclerosis and fibrosis (small, dense and echogenic kidney), indicating irreversible alterations associated with a worse prognosis (Orozco et al 2004, Kariyanna et al 2010, Totou et al 2018. As long as the fibrosis evolves, the damaged tubular epitheliums will lose their regenerative capacity and suffer apoptosis, leading to tubular atrophy and forming non-functional glomerulus (Webster et al 2017).…”

Muscle metabolomics analysis reveals potential biomarkers of exercise‑dependent improvement of the diaphragm function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

“…The original training program was described by Totou et al (32), and was subsequently modified in the present study. Swimming was used as aerobic exercise, taking place in a tank.…”

Association of Single Measurement of dipstick proteinuria with physical performance of military males: the CHIEF study

“…In addition, intense physical activity is at higher risk of rhabdomyolysis and dehydration, and leads to presence of proteinuria [13]. Previous studies have shown that exercise-induced proteinuria is associated with the amount and the length of exercise performed [14]. In an elderly cohort higher albuminuria is a predictor of a decline of physical performance > 2 years [15].…”