Swimming exercise decreases depression‐like behaviour and inflammatory cytokines in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes

Abstract

Clinical and experimental studies have shown that type 2 diabetes is associated with depression-related disorders. Inflammation has been identified as a common mechanism in both type 2 diabetes and depression. Several studies have suggested that swimming exercise might be able to reduce depression-related symptoms. The present study aimed to explore whether swimming exercise can decrease depressionlike behaviour in type 2 diabetic mice. To induce type 2 diabetes, male C57BL6 mice were treated with a high-fat diet and streptozocin. Type 2 diabetic animals were subjected to swimming exercise for 4 weeks. Then, depression-like behaviours were evaluated by sucrose preference, novelty-suppressed feeding, social interaction and tail suspension tests. We also measured levels of glucose, insulin and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α in the serum of animals.The results indicated that type 2 diabetes significantly increased anhedonia-and depression-like behaviours in mice. We also found significant increases in glucose, insulin and inflammatory cytokines in diabetic mice. Moreover, swimming exercise reduced anhedonia-and depression-like behaviour in type 2 diabetic mice. Swimming exercise also decreased glucose and inflammatory cytokines in the serum of mice with type 2 diabetes. Collectively, this study demonstrates that swimming exercise decreased depression-like behaviour by reducing inflammation in type 2 diabetic mice.Further clinical studies are needed to validate these findings in patients with type 2 diabetes.

A cafeteria diet blunts effects of exercise on adult hippocampal neurogenesis but not neurogenesis-dependent behaviours in adult male rats

“…This finding in the FST agrees with other studies using longer exercise interventions (1.5-11 months) in adult male mice (Fuss et al, 2010;Morgan et al, 2018), but not with studies using 3-4-week interventions which demonstrated a decrease in immobility following exercise (Duman et al, 2008;Cunha et al, 2013). Our finding in the FUST that there were no effects of exercise on reward-seeking behaviour has similarly been reported by others in adult male rodents using the sucrose preference test (Sigwalt et al, 2011;Gilak-Dalasm et al, 2021).…”

Low-intensity exercise combined with sodium valproate attenuates kainic acid-induced seizures and associated co-morbidities by inhibiting NF-κB signaling in mice

“…Consequently, there is a reduction in epilepsy co-morbidities. In addition, studies have shown that moderate physical exercise could reduce the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in the hippocampus or serum ( 86 , 87 ) in interventions for brain disorders, although the effect on IL-6 is subject to specific discussion. To illustrate, physical exercise can reduce IL-6 levels in the hippocampus and cerebellum ( 88 , 89 ).…”