Swimming behaviour as an indicator of low growth rate and impaired welfare in Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) reared at three stocking densities

Kristiansen, Tore; Fernö, Anders; Holm, Jens Christian; Privitera, Lucia; Bakke, Stine; Fosseidengen, Jan Erik

doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(03)00436-8

Cited by 107 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Although, it has been noted that too low densities can also have a negative effect on growth in species that present schooling behavior as Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) (Jørgensen et al, 1993) or sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) (Papoutsoglou et al, 1998). Stocking density also has an important role during the settling of larvae of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) (Bolasina et al, 2006), and it is also involved in fish welfare in many species (Ashley 2007), like rainbow trout (Ellis et al, 2002;North et al, 2006), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) (Turnbull et al, 2005) or Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) (Kristiansen et al, 2004). Senegalese sole shape can also be significantly affected by stocking density (Ambrosio et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stocking density and sex influence individual growth of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis)

2010

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Growth is usually inversely correlated with stocking density of fish in culture. Senegalese sole aquaculture is affected by a high size variability and thus, this work tried to investigate the relationship of growth with density of two populations of 96 individually tagged Senegalese sole (318.7± 7.9 g; mean± standard error of the mean). Fish were reared at low (LD) and high (HD) density (60% and 180% of bottom coverage respectively) for 195 days. After 134 days (period 1), density conditions were exchanged between groups. Mean weight, standard length, maximum width and centroid size were calculated for each of the 11 census days of the experiment. White muscle biopsies were taken in 7 of the census days in order to assess the RNA/DNA ratio, as a biochemical indicator of growth. Stocking density had an important effect on growth, as fish reared under HD showed poor or no growth during a 'lag phase' on the first 61 days of the experiment, leading to a significantly lower specific growth rate (0.23 ± 0.014) for period 1 compared with LD fish (0.34 ± 0.016). Fitting of linear mixed-effects (LME) models for the first 134 days of experiment showed a significant effect of density and sex on all the assessed biometric parameters. These results could be attributed mainly to the first 61 days of the experiment, as no differences were observed between days 61 and 134 in all the measurements, except for standard length, that showed to be lower for HD fish throughout the whole period. Fish reared under high density tended to grow slower than fish held at low density, while females showed faster growth than males, particularly in HD. Nevertheless, due to high size variability, no significant differences could be found in the mean values of weight or standard length after 134 days (467.2± 21.6 g and 28.7± 4.2 cm; 502.6 ± 22.5 g and 29.7± 4.5 cm for HD and LD fish respectively). Size variability could be an indicator of the onset of hierarchies, being stronger and with more females as dominant individuals than males in HD. After exchanging densities, and up to day 195, a similar lagging effect could be observed in LD fish exposed to high density, suggesting that a sudden change in density, more than density itself, could be the responsible for a detrimental effect on growth. RNA/DNA ratios, were significantly lower for HD fish between days 20 and 61.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stocking density and sex influence individual growth of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis)

2010

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“…This response seems to be partially dose dependent, as fish exposed to a concentration higher than 0.1% (or pH 3.3) spent less time swimming, which did not occur with the lower concentration ( pH 3.6). This behavioural response characterized by a reduction of locomotor activity has been observed in other animal groups , including fish, under pain (Reilly et al, 2008) or stress conditions (Kristiansen et al, 2004). Recent studies in rainbow trout and zebrafish have demonstrated a reduction in swimming activity when fish were administered a potentially painful stimulus, injection of acetic acid (Correia et al, 2011;Reilly et al, 2008).…”

Section: Experiments 1: Impact Of Noxious Chemicals On Larval Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 75%

Reduction in activity by noxious chemical stimulation is ameliorated by immersion in analgesic drugs in zebrafish

López-Luna

Al-Jubouri

Al-Nuaimy

et al. 2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

101

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Research has recently demonstrated that larval zebrafish show similar molecular responses to nociception to those of adults. Our study explored whether unprotected larval zebrafish exhibited altered behaviour after exposure to noxious chemicals and screened a range of analgesic drugs to determine their efficacy to reduce these responses. This approach aimed to validate larval zebrafish as a reliable replacement for adults as well as providing a high-throughput means of analysing behavioural responses. Zebrafish at 5 days postfertilization were exposed to known noxious stimuli: acetic acid (0.01%, 0.1% and 0.25%) and citric acid (0.1%, 1% and 5%). The behavioural response of each was recorded and analysed using novel tracking software that measures time spent active in 25 larvae at one time. Subsequently, the efficacy of aspirin, lidocaine, morphine and flunixin as analgesics after exposure to 0.1% acetic acid was tested. Larvae exposed to 0.1% and 0.25% acetic acid spent less time active, whereas those exposed to 0.01% acetic acid and 0.1-5% citric acid showed an increase in swimming activity. Administration of 2.5 mg l −1 aspirin, 5 mg l −1 lidocaine and 48 mg l −1 morphine prevented the behavioural changes induced by acetic acid. These results suggest that larvae respond to a noxious challenge in a similar way to adult zebrafish and other vertebrates and that the effect of nociception on activity can be ameliorated by using analgesics. Therefore, adopting larval zebrafish could represent a direct replacement of a protected adult fish with a non-protected form in pain-and nociception-related research.

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“…The cage structure was stable with low net deformation, which is considered to enhance the growth of caged fish (Lader et al, 2008). A reduction in net volume has been shown to have a negative effect on welfare and increase disturbance of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) and cod (Gadus morhua) (Kristiansen et al, 2004). Environmental parameters may also affect the health of farmed fish.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suitability of artisanal fishery discards as feed for juvenile tub gurnard (Chelidonichthys lucerna L.) reared in sea bottom cages in the mid Adriatic Sea

Roncarati¹,

Mariotti

Felici

et al. 2016

Medit. Mar. Sci.

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Swimming behaviour as an indicator of low growth rate and impaired welfare in Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) reared at three stocking densities

Cited by 107 publications

References 15 publications

Stocking density and sex influence individual growth of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis)

Stocking density and sex influence individual growth of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis)

Reduction in activity by noxious chemical stimulation is ameliorated by immersion in analgesic drugs in zebrafish

Suitability of artisanal fishery discards as feed for juvenile tub gurnard (Chelidonichthys lucerna L.) reared in sea bottom cages in the mid Adriatic Sea

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