Swimming as an Endurance Sport

Gullstrand, Lennart

doi:10.1002/9780470694930.ch55

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It has been commented that swim training programs in adults often appear "peculiar," since practices for anaerobic events are often dominated by aerobic workouts (10). Most events in international competition last no more than 2 minutes, but swimmers are characterized by high levels of V0,max.…”

Section: Maturitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Exercise Science: So What?

2001

Pediatric Exercise Science

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Depending on your historical perspective, we are about to mark the 65th or 50th anniversary of the birth of pediatric exercise science. Robinson's remarkably prescient study at the Harvard Fatigue Laboratory in 1938 was really the seminal work that first defined maturational differences in physiologic responses to exercise ( 16). Then there is a bit of a gap in time until 1952, when P.O. Astrand published his landmark treatise on physical work capacity in children (2). Since then the field of pediatric exercise physiology as an investigational discipline has flourished. So now, with these anniversaries upon us, it's a good time to reflect on where we've been and where we're going. Now, I'm certain this didn't actually happen, but if a long-range planning committee had been convened in 1960 to establish goals and future directions for research in pediatric exercise physiology, the outcome would probably have gone something like this: "First, let's examine the physiologic responses to exercise as children grow, and let's find out if young people are (or are not) uniquely different in these responses compared to what we know about adults. Then, let's use this information to create therapeutic interventions for children with chronic disease, form guidelines for training young athletes, and provide strategies for preventive health in the pediatric years."Now 40 years have passed. If that same committee were to reconvene now, how would they grade our progress? For the first goal, we would surely get an "A." In the past 50 (or 65) years researchers have amassed a large volume of data indicating that children are in many ways unique in their physiologic responses to exercise. The most recent compendium to summarize the state-of-the-art in pediatric exercise physiology, Armstrong and van Mechelen's Paediatric Exercise Science and Medicine, is dramatically convincing of how much has been achieved in half a century (1). There is no question that as exercise machines, children are indeed different. Biological maturation clearly influences biomechanics, exercise economy, aerobic and anaerobic fitness, physical training, temperature regulation, body composition assessment, and physical activity patterns.To be sure, there is much more to be learned. Particularly our next steps in the area of basic pediatric exercise physiology need to be in the direction of understanding mechanisms. Why does anaerobic fitness relative to body size increase as . .

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Section: Maturitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Exercise Science: So What?

2001

Pediatric Exercise Science

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“…Most of the competitive swimming events (up to 200 m) finish in about 2 minutes (Gullstrand, 2000). From all 32 disciplines of the official com pet ition program for the last Olympic Games held in Rio, 2016 these lasting from 22-24 s to 2 min also predominate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Lower Body Anaerobic Power and Competitive Swimming Results of Bulgarian Swimmers

Kachaunov¹,

Petrov²,

Mladenov³

2019

Proceeding Book

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The aim of this study was to find if there is a significant relationship between anaerobic power and freestyle swimming performance. The participants were 87 national and international level Bulgarian swimmers (37 women and 50 men). The average age was 15.45±1.49 years: 15.05±1.55 years for women and 15.74±1.40 years for men. The determination of anaerobic power was made by standard Wingate anaerobic test protocol. Absolute and relative values of the main indicators of the test have been measured: Peak power (PP) and Average Power (AP). For the comparison have been chosen sprint freestyle swimming events (50 100 and 200 m). Swimming times were taken from the official results of Bulgarian national swimming championship conducted 10 days after Wingate anaerobic test have been performed. As a result, we have found significant correlations between the main indicators of the Wingate anaerobic test and sprint freestyle performance for both women: 50 m vs. PP (r=-0.600; p<0,001); 50 m vs. AP (r=-0.668; p<0,001) and men: 50 m vs. PP (r=-0.789; p<0.001); 50 m vs. AP (r=-0.847; p<0.001). The conclusion is that there is a significant correlation between the anaerobic power measured by Wingate anaerobic test and freestyle swimming performance. In addition, we can recommend Wingate anaerobic test as an appropriate method for assessment anaerobic power in swimmers.

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“…Probably the most important intervention to prevent, or attenuate, OWS hypothermic responses appears to be an athlete's inherent body fat, which can be chronically manipulated by a combination of energy intake and expenditure in a race-targeted periodized fashion. Indeed, depending on the aquatic event, compared with weight-supported terrestrial sports, extra body fat is of less consequence to overall swimming performance and may be of value in cold-water OWS conditions for both buoyancy and protection against hypothermia (Brannigan et al, 2009;Gullstrand, 2000;Macaluso et al, 2013;Shaw et al, 2014). Nevertheless, it is important to recognize that a higher fat physique may limit an athlete's ability to dissipate heat, and place the athlete at higher risk for heat stress or heat stroke, in warm-water conditions (Macaluso et al, 2013).…”

Section: Thermoregulatory Responses In Swimmers In Varying Water Tempmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition Considerations in Special Environments for Aquatic Sports

Stellingwerff

Pyne²,

Burke³

2014

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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Elite athletes who compete in aquatic sports face the constant challenge of arduous training and competition schedules in difficult and changing environmental conditions. The huge range of water temperatures to which swimmers and other aquatic athletes are often exposed (16-31 °C for open-water swimming), coupled with altered aquatic thermoregulatory responses as compared with terrestrial athletes, can challenge the health, safety, and performance of these athletes. Other environmental concerns include air and water pollution, altitude, and jetlag and travel fatigue. However, these challenging environments provide the potential for several nutritional interventions that can mitigate the negative effects and enhance adaptation and performance. These interventions include providing adequate hydration and carbohydrate and iron intake while at altitude; optimizing body composition and fluid and carbohydrate intake when training or competing in varying water temperatures; and maximizing fluid and food hygiene when traveling. There is also emerging information on nutritional interventions to manage jetlag and travel fatigue, such as the timing of food intake and the strategic use of caffeine or melatonin. Aquatic athletes often undertake their major global competitions where accommodations feature cafeteria-style buffet eating. These environments can often lead to inappropriate choices in the type and quantity of food intake, which is of particular concern to divers and synchronized swimmers who compete in physique-specific sports, as well as swimmers who have a vastly reduced energy expenditure during their taper. Taken together, planned nutrition and hydration interventions can have a favorable impact on aquatic athletes facing varying environmental challenges.

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Swimming as an Endurance Sport

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

Pediatric Exercise Science: So What?

Pediatric Exercise Science: So What?

Relationship Between Lower Body Anaerobic Power and Competitive Swimming Results of Bulgarian Swimmers

Nutrition Considerations in Special Environments for Aquatic Sports

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