Swimming andCampylobacterInfections¹

Abstract

A matched case-control study was conducted to study risk factors for domestically acquired sporadic Campylobacter infections in Finland. Swimming in natural sources of water was a novel risk factor. Eating undercooked meat and drinking dug-well water were also independent risk factors for Campylobacter infection.

Impact of Rurality, Broiler Operations, and Community Socioeconomic Factors on the Risk of Campylobacteriosis in Maryland

“…Sopwith et al (2008) examined a single prevalent human strain of C. jejuni, ST-45, one strongly associated with the early summer seasonal peak of campylobacteriosis incidence in northwestern England and found a striking concordance between periods of ST-45 isolation in water and reported incidence in humans, suggesting a relationship between the presence of this strain in the environment and human infection (Sopwith, 2008). In a case-control study conducted in the early 1990s by Adak et al (1995) (Schönberg-Norio, 2004). This is plausible since the infectious dose for Campylobacter is fairly low.…”

Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) and Whole-Genome MLST of Campylobacter jejuni Isolates from Human Infections in Three Districts during a Seasonal Peak in Finland

“…In areas with a colder climate, like Northern Europe, a distinct peak in the frequency of Campylobacter infections occurs during the summer months, from June to August (2,3). The seasonal peak is probably associated with summer activities, including increased outdoor exposures like contacts with animals and soil, barbecuing, consumption of water from private wells, and swimming in natural waters (4,5). On the whole, poultry and poultry products have been shown to be a major source of C. jejuni infections in humans (6)(7)(8)(9).…”

PCR assay for the detection of Campylobacter in marinated and non-marinated poultry products

“…Campylobacter is the most common cause of bacterial enteritis worldwide Samuel et al, 2004;Schö nberg-Norio et al, 2004. In Finland, according to the National Infectious Disease Registry, the incidence of campylobacteriosis has increased steadily reaching 4003 and 3439 infections in 2005 and 2006, respectively, with 65 human cases/ 100,000 inhabitants in 2006 (Anonymous, 2005(Anonymous, , 2006a.…”